The scanning tunneling microscope is proposed as a method to measure forces as small as 10-18 N. As one application for this concept, we introduce a new type of microscope capable of investigating surfaces of insulators on an atomic scale. The atomic force microscope is a combination of the principles of the scanning tunneling microscope and the stylus profilometer. It incorporates a probe that does not damage the surface. Our preliminary results in air demonstrate a lateral resolution of 30 A and a vertical resolution less than 1 A.

https://link.aps.org/pdf/10.1103/PhysRevLett.56.930

Atomic force microscope

/pdf/self-assembled-monolayers-of-thiolates-on-metals-as-a-form-1neb0hj3k4.pdf

Self-assembled monolayers of thiolates on metals as a form of nanotechnology.

In this work we briefly describe the most relevant features of WSXM, a freeware scanning probe microscopy software based on MS-Windows. The article is structured in three different sections: The introduction is a perspective on the importance of software on scanning probe microscopy. The second section is devoted to describe the general structure of the application; in this section the capabilities of WSXM to read third party files are stressed. Finally, a detailed discussion of some relevant procedures of the software is carried out.

https://nanoed.tul.cz/pluginfile.php/1608/mod_resource/content/1/view.pdf

WSXM: a software for scanning probe microscopy and a tool for nanotechnology.

Surface microscopy using vacuum tunneling is demonstrated for the first time. Topographic pictures of surfaces on an atomic scale have been obtained. Examples of resolved monoatomic steps and surface reconstructions are shown for (110) surfaces of CaIrSn 4 and Au.

https://link.aps.org/pdf/10.1103/PhysRevLett.49.57

Surface studies by scanning tunneling microscopy

1. Introduction 2. Theoretical foundations 3. Propagation and focusing of optical fields 4. Spatial resolution and position accuracy 5. Nanoscale optical microscopy 6. Near-field optical probes 7. Probe-sample distance control 8. Light emission and optical interaction in nanoscale environments 9. Quantum emitters 10. Dipole emission near planar interfaces 11. Photonic crystals and resonators 12. Surface plasmons 13. Forces in confined fields 14. Fluctuation-induced phenomena 15. Theoretical methods in nano-optics Appendices Index.

/pdf/principles-of-nano-optics-1hz998yqo8.pdf

Principles of nano-optics

Background:

Detailed image analysis still is a considerable bottleneck for many cellular assays, and automated solutions to the problem are desirable. However, dealing with the complexity and variability of structures in cellular images makes detailed and reliable analysis a nontrivial task.



Methods:

Therefore, based on the object-oriented image analysis approach, a novel image analysis technology, a flexible and reliable system for image analysis in cellular assays was developed. It contains a library of predefined, adaptable modules, each of them developed for a specific analysis task. The system can be configured easily by combining appropriate modules and adapting them interactively to the specific image data, if necessary. By representing cells and sub cellular structures within a network of interlinked image objects, a large number of parameters can be derived that describe shape, intensity, and relevant structural and relational aspects of any chosen class of structures.



Results:

Thus, multi-parameter analysis and multiplexing are supported. A sample application based on this approach demonstrates that GFP signals can be distinguished based on their properties and the relative location within the cell. © 2006 International Society for Analytical Cytology

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/cyto.a.20289

Object-oriented image analysis for high content screening: Detailed quantification of cells and sub cellular structures with the Cellenger software

Atomic resolution with atomic force microscope

The present invention discloses an investigation and/or manipulation device for a sample, the sample consisting of a material which is locally deformed when subjected to a local heat treatment; the device comprises an investigation and/or manipulation tool movably supported by a support means, and positioning means for positioning the support means and thereby the tool relatively to the sample. The core features of the invention are power supply means for supplying electric power to the tool, said tool and the support means having such a structure and/or being respectively made of such materials that the supplied power is heating substantially only the tool, sensing means adapted to supply a low amount of power to the tool, the low amount of power being insufficient to locally deform the sample, the sensing means detecting a variation in temperature of the tool as being indicative of the surface structure of the sample, and/or manipulation means adapted to supply a high amount of power to the tool, said high amount of power heating the tool to a temperature which is sufficient to deform the sample surface region being presently effected by the tool. Further aspects of the present invention are a novel data storage system and a novel displacement sensor, both of which make use of the basic pronciples of the invention.

Investigation and/or manipulation device

Accurate and fully automated segmentation and quantifica- tion of organs are necessary prerequisites towards operational computer aided diagnosis and therapy control systems. The Definiens Cognition Network Technology presented in this paper provides a framework for rapid development and scalable execution of image analysis solutions. The Cognition Network Technology combines pixel processing techniques with iterative, context-based object or segment generation and classifica- tion processes using a semantic knowledge base. We applied this technol- ogy to detect automatically all major human organs in 3D CT data. On basis of 10 test data sets we show first quantitative results for liver de- tection compared to manual segmentations provided by medical experts. Initial analysis achieved a mean overlap error of 16% which provides a good starting point to improve the implemented knowledge network by liver disease specific rules.

/pdf/cognition-network-technology-for-a-fully-automated-3d-16w38t1u2y.pdf

Cognition Network Technology for a Fully Automated 3D Segmentation of Liver

The present invention concerns a cantilever arrangement for scanning a surface. This arrangement comprises a first cantilever having a first probe and a second cantilever having a second probe. Both cantilevers are mechanically coupled such that the second cantilever follows the movement of the first cantilever, i.e. the deflection of the first cantilever defines the deflection of the second cantilever.

Gerd Binnig

Papers

Object-oriented image analysis for high content screening: Detailed quantification of cells and sub cellular structures with the Cellenger software

Atomic resolution with atomic force microscope

Investigation and/or manipulation device

Cognition Network Technology for a Fully Automated 3D Segmentation of Liver

Mechanically coupled alternatively usable cantilever structures for scanning a surface