Probability Distributions.- Linear Models for Regression.- Linear Models for Classification.- Neural Networks.- Kernel Methods.- Sparse Kernel Machines.- Graphical Models.- Mixture Models and EM.- Approximate Inference.- Sampling Methods.- Continuous Latent Variables.- Sequential Data.- Combining Models.

Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning

This chapter discusses leading problems linked to energy that the world is now confronting and to propose some ideas concerning possible solutions. Oil deserves special attention among all energy sources. Since the beginning of 1981, it has merely been continuing and enhancing the downward movement in consumption and prices caused by excessive rises, especially for light crudes such as those from Africa, and the slowing down of worldwide economic growth. Densely-populated oil-producing countries need to produce to live, to pay for their food and their equipment. If the economic growth of the industrialized countries were to be 4%, even if investment in the rational use of energy were pushed to the limit and the development of nonpetroleum energy sources were also pursued actively, it would be extremely difficult to prevent a sharp rise in prices. It is evident that it is absolutely necessary to pursue actively the development of coal, natural gas, and nuclear power if a physical shortage of energy is not to block economic growth.

World energy outlook

Cell modelling and model parameters estimation techniques for photovoltaic simulator application: A review

Parameter estimation of photovoltaic cells using an improved chaotic whale optimization algorithm

The contribution of solar photovoltaics (PV׳s) in generation of electric power is continually increasing. PV cells are commonly modelled as circuits. Finding appropriate circuit model parameters of PV cells is crucial for performance evaluation, control, efficiency computations and maximum power point tracking of solar PV systems. The problem of finding circuit model parameters of solar PV cells is referred to as “PV cell model parameter estimation problem,” and is highly attracted by researchers. In this paper, the existing research works on PV cell model parameter estimation problem are classified into three categories and the research works of those categories are reviewed. Based on the conducted review, some recommendations for future research are provided.

Parameter estimation of solar photovoltaic (PV) cells: A review

An improved five-parameter model for photovoltaic modules

Predictive performance tools are an important factor in the success of any new technology because they permit demonstration of whether a system will be efficient and economically feasible. A reliable predictive tool should allow the designer to optimise system performance and to maximise the cost effectiveness of a system prior to installation. This article discusses the five main parametric models for photovoltaic (PV) systems available in the literature. The current–voltage characteristics of a photovoltaic module can be reproduced modelling the PV panel as an equivalent electrical circuit made of linear and non-linear components. The parameters describing such components are directly related to the performance characteristics of the specific PV panel, which are generally available in a graphic form with respect to standard values of temperature and incident irradiance. Five of the most recent models are analysed in detail describing the algorithm, showing how the parameters were determined and highlighting the most important mathematical and physical assumptions that characterised each model and the calculation process. To simplify the examination and reading of the procedures referred to in the five models, all equations are rewritten using the same nomenclature. Furthermore, to assess the accuracy of each model with respect to the data provided by the manufacturer, this paper compares the I–V and P–V curves at various temperatures and irradiance for a generic PV panel.

Giuseppina Ciulla

Papers

An improved five-parameter model for photovoltaic modules

A comparison of different one-diode models for the representation of I–V characteristic of a PV cell

Building energy performance forecasting: A multiple linear regression approach

Quality of wind speed fitting distributions for the urban area of Palermo, Italy

An efficient analytical approach for obtaining a five parameters model of photovoltaic modules using only reference data