Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction

https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1006&context=covid19

SARS-CoV-2

Antioxidant enzymes form the first line of defense against free radicals in organisms. Their regulation depends mainly on the oxidant status of the cell, given that oxidants are their principal modulators. However, other factors have been reported to increase antioxidant enzyme activity and/or gene expression. During the last decade, the antioxidant melatonin has been shown to possess genomic actions, regulating the expression of several genes. Melatonin also influences both antioxidant enzyme activity and cellular mRNA levels for these enzymes. In the present report, we review the studies which document the influence of melatonin on the activity and expression of the antioxidative enzymes glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutases and catalase both under physiological and under conditions of elevated oxidative stress. We also analyze the possible mechanisms by which melatonin regulates these enzymes.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1046/j.1600-079X.2003.00092.x

Regulation of antioxidant enzymes: a significant role for melatonin.

https://www.kidney-international.org/article/S0085-2538(15)53124-4/pdf

Cisplatin nephrotoxicity: Mechanisms and renoprotective strategies

https://medicine-opera.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/05/cisplatin-nephrotoxicity.pdf

Cisplatin Nephrotoxicity: A Review

AIM To explore the effects of experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) on rabbit urinary bladder and to assess the potential protective effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT). METHODS A total of 15 male New Zealand white rabbits were divided randomly to one of three groups: group I was spared as the control group (n = 5), group II was exposed to SAH, received no treatment, and acted as the SAH group (n = 5) and group III was exposed to SAH and received five sessions of HBOT (started 12 hours after SAH induction and was given twice daily for the first 2 days and once on the third day) and acted as the treatment group (n = 5). At 72 hours after the SAH induction, bladders from all animals were removed for in vitro organ bath experiments and biochemical analyses. RESULTS Isometric tension studies revealed that compared to group I, the contractile responses of the strips to carbachol in group II were significantly decreased whereas HBOT restored the contractile responses (P < .05). Caspase-3 and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activities of bladder tissues were significantly increased in group II when compared with group I, whereas caspase-3 and NOS activities were significantly decreased in the tissues of group III (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS Subarachnoid hemorrhage stimulates apoptosis of the rabbit bladder and impairs the contractile response of the rabbit bladder to carbachol. HBOT creates a protective effect in rabbit bladder tissues and restores SAH-induced changes.

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy prevents subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced apoptosis and impaired contractility of the rabbit bladder

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive deterioration of cognitive functions (dementia) and represents a growing public health concern since the population in the age groups at risk is increasing. The latter raises an urgent need to translate research findings in the basic brain and behavioral sciences into anti-AD drugs and disease-modifying therapies. Origanum onites (L.), also called Turkish oregano, is a perennial and herbaceous plant species grown for centuries for medicinal, cosmetic and culinary purposes. This is the first study to investigate the putative neuroprotective and pro-cognitive activities of O. onites essential oil (OOEO) against scopolamine-induced amnesia of AD-type in Wistar albino rats. The results of behavioral tests revealed that OOEO administration was able to significantly alleviate learning and memory impairments induced by scopolamine in vivo. The observed effects could be attributed to inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity, attenuation of oxidative stress and prevention of neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus and frontal cortex of AD rats. Modulation of pro-inflammatory enzymes, including cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase and myeloperoxidase, might further contribute to the neuroprotective properties of OEOO, as predicted by our in silico models. These findings offer novel insights into the therapeutic potential of OEOO in patients with AD. 

/pdf/a-multi-parameter-evaluation-of-the-neuroprotective-and-t5m0nikj.pdf

A multi-parameter evaluation of the neuroprotective and cognitive-enhancing effects of Origanum onites L. (Turkish Oregano) essential oil on scopolamine-induced amnestic rats

Abstract Objectives To investigate the possible protective effects of resveratrol against oxidative testicular damage due to scattered radiation during pelvic ionizing radiation exposure in rats. Methods Rats were divided into 5 groups; control, radiation, and radiation + resveratrol therapy in early and late periods. Under anesthesia, 20 Gy ionizing radiation was applied to prostatic region. Resveratrol was administered (10 mg/kg/day) orally before ionizing radiation exposure. Animals were decapitated at the end of 1st and 10th weeks. Biochemical markers of oxidative stress; caspase-3 and sirtuin-1 protein expressions; testosterone levels were evaluated, histological examinations were performed. Results Significant increases in malondialdehyde, 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine levels, myeloperoxidase, and caspase-3 activities were observed after ionizing radiation exposure, also superoxide dismutase and glutathione activities were significantly decreased. Radiotherapy increased caspase-3 and decreased sirtuin-1 protein expressions. Resveratrol treatment significantly reversed these parameters and also reversed the decrease in testosterone levels back to control levels in late period. Conclusion Resveratrol showed antioxidant and sirtuin-activating properties against oxidative damage caused by scattered radiation to testis and provided hormonal protection. These results suggest that resveratrol may be an alternative protective agent on testicular tissues against the effects of scattered pelvic radiation.

/pdf/effects-of-resveratrol-against-scattered-radiation-induced-5bep9h3054.pdf

Effects of resveratrol against scattered radiation-induced testicular damage in rats

Obesity and male infertility are problems that affect population. Exercise is a nonpharmacological way to reduce the negative health effects of obesity. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of exercise on hormone levels, blood‐testis barrier, and inflammatory and oxidative biomarkers in rats that became obese due to a high‐fat diet (HFD). Male rats received a standard diet (STD group) or a HFD (HFD group) for 18 weeks. During the final 6 weeks of the experiment, swimming exercises (1 h/5 days/week) were given to half of these animals (STD + EXC and HFD + EXC groups). Finally, blood and testicular tissues were analysed by biochemical and histological methods. Body weight, leptin, malondialdehyde, interleukin‐6, TNF‐alpha and myeloperoxidase levels, apoptotic cells and DNA fragmentation were increased, and testis weight, insulin, FSH, LH, testosterone, glutathione and superoxide dysmutase levels, proliferative cells, ZO‐1, occludin, and gap junction protein Cx43 immunoreactivity were decreased in the HFD group. All these hormonal, morphological, oxidative and inflammatory biomarkers were enhanced in the HFD + EXC group. It is thought that exercise protected testicular cytotoxicity by regulating hormonal and oxidant/antioxidant balances and testicular function, inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis, as well as preserving blood‐testis barrier.

/pdf/exercise-improves-testicular-morphology-and-oxidative-stress-3pjun3ca.pdf

Göksel Şener

Papers

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy prevents subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced apoptosis and impaired contractility of the rabbit bladder

A multi-parameter evaluation of the neuroprotective and cognitive-enhancing effects of Origanum onites L. (Turkish Oregano) essential oil on scopolamine-induced amnestic rats

Effects of resveratrol against scattered radiation-induced testicular damage in rats

Exercise improves testicular morphology and oxidative stress parameters in rats with testicular damage induced by a high‐fat diet

C0556: The Effects of Peptide Hormone Ghrelin on Platelet Apoptosis