Interpretation of X-ray Powder Diffraction Patterns . By H. Lipson and H. Steeple. Pp. viii + 335 + 3 plates. (Mac-millan: London; St Martins Press: New York, May 1970.) £4.

X-Ray Diffraction

Treatment Technologies for Emerging Contaminants in water: A review

A review of processes and technologies for the recycling of lithium-ion secondary batteries

Ever-growing global energy needs and environmental damage have motivated the pursuit of sustainable energy sources and storage technologies. As attractive energy storage technologies to integrate renewable resources and electric transportation, rechargeable batteries, including lead–acid, nickel–metal hydride, nickel–cadmium, and lithium-ion batteries, are undergoing unprecedented rapid development. However, the intrinsic toxicity of rechargeable batteries arising from their use of toxic materials is potentially environmentally hazardous. Additionally, the massive production of batteries consumes numerous resources, some of which are scarce. It is therefore essential to consider battery recycling when developing battery systems. Here, we provide a systematic overview of rechargeable battery recycling from a sustainable perspective. We present state-of-the-art fundamental research and industrial technologies related to battery recycling, with a special focus on lithium-ion battery recycling. We introduce the concept of sustainability through a discussion of the life-cycle assessment of battery recycling. Considering the forecasted trend of a massive number of retired power batteries from the forecasted surge in electric vehicles, their repurposing and reuse are considered from economic, technical, environmental, and market perspectives. New opportunities, challenges, and future prospects for battery recycling are then summarized. A reinterpreted 3R strategy entailing redesign, reuse, and recycling is recommended for the future development of battery recycling.

Toward sustainable and systematic recycling of spent rechargeable batteries

Environmentally-related contaminants of high concern: Potential sources and analytical modalities for detection, quantification, and treatment.

Bio-dissolution of spent nickel-cadmium batteries using Thiobacillus ferrooxidans.

Factors affecting chromium(VI) reduction by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans

A comparison of bioleaching of covellite using pure cultures of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans or a mixed culture of Leptospirillum ferrooxidans and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans

In this work we demonstrate the feasibility to couple adsorption with Fenton and photo-Fenton process to separate and mineralize crystal violet (CV) dissolved in water. Montmorillonite (MMT) and iron modified montmorillonite (MMT-Fe) were studied as adsorbents and heterogeneous catalysts for Fenton and photo-Fenton like oxidation of cationic dye CV. The clays were characterized by XRD, SEM, EDX, BET surface area and electrophoretic mobility. MMT-Fe presents iron in the interlayer space and oxohydroxide particles on its surface. Both clays present a high CV adsorption capacity that can be modeled by a two-site Langmuir equation. MMT-Fe oxidizes faster and have a higher mineralization rate of adsorbed CV than MMT with Fe(II) or Fe(III) added externally. The oxidation of the adsorbed dye release organics to the solution which are further mineralized in solution. The Fenton oxidation can be modeled by a double exponential decay and photo-Fenton oxidation by a pseudo-first order kinetic model. Photo-Fenton oxidation leads to higher mineralization rates than Fenton.

Adsorption of crystal violet on montmorillonite (or iron modified montmorillonite) followed by degradation through Fenton or photo-Fenton type reactions

Gustavo Curutchet

Papers

Bio-dissolution of spent nickel-cadmium batteries using Thiobacillus ferrooxidans.

Factors affecting chromium(VI) reduction by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans

A comparison of bioleaching of covellite using pure cultures of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans or a mixed culture of Leptospirillum ferrooxidans and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans

Adsorption of crystal violet on montmorillonite (or iron modified montmorillonite) followed by degradation through Fenton or photo-Fenton type reactions

Bioleaching of covellite using pure and mixed cultures of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and Thiobacillus thiooxidans