다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

This paper describes the contents of the 2016 edition of the HITRAN molecular spectroscopic compilation. The new edition replaces the previous HITRAN edition of 2012 and its updates during the intervening years. The HITRAN molecular absorption compilation is composed of five major components: the traditional line-by-line spectroscopic parameters required for high-resolution radiative-transfer codes, infrared absorption cross-sections for molecules not yet amenable to representation in a line-by-line form, collision-induced absorption data, aerosol indices of refraction, and general tables such as partition sums that apply globally to the data. The new HITRAN is greatly extended in terms of accuracy, spectral coverage, additional absorption phenomena, added line-shape formalisms, and validity. Moreover, molecules, isotopologues, and perturbing gases have been added that address the issues of atmospheres beyond the Earth. Of considerable note, experimental IR cross-sections for almost 300 additional molecules important in different areas of atmospheric science have been added to the database. The compilation can be accessed through www.hitran.org. Most of the HITRAN data have now been cast into an underlying relational database structure that offers many advantages over the long-standing sequential text-based structure. The new structure empowers the user in many ways. It enables the incorporation of an extended set of fundamental parameters per transition, sophisticated line-shape formalisms, easy user-defined output formats, and very convenient searching, filtering, and plotting of data. A powerful application programming interface making use of structured query language (SQL) features for higher-level applications of HITRAN is also provided.

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The HITRAN 2008 molecular spectroscopic database

A topical review of numerical and experimental studies of supercontinuum generation in photonic crystal fiber is presented over the full range of experimentally reported parameters, from the femtosecond to the continuous-wave regime. Results from numerical simulations are used to discuss the temporal and spectral characteristics of the supercontinuum, and to interpret the physics of the underlying spectral broadening processes. Particular attention is given to the case of supercontinuum generation seeded by femtosecond pulses in the anomalous group velocity dispersion regime of photonic crystal fiber, where the processes of soliton fission, stimulated Raman scattering, and dispersive wave generation are reviewed in detail. The corresponding intensity and phase stability properties of the supercontinuum spectra generated under different conditions are also discussed.

Supercontinuum generation in photonic crystal fiber

to be done in this area. Face recognition is a problem that scarcely clamoured for attention before the computer age but, having surfaced, has involved a wide range of techniques and has attracted the attention of some fine minds (David Mumford was a Fields Medallist in 1974). This singular application of mathematical modelling to a messy applied problem of obvious utility and importance but with no unique solution is a pretty one to share with students: perhaps, returning to the source of our opening quotation, we may invert Duncan's earlier observation, 'There is an art to find the mind's construction in the face!'.

Linear and nonlinear waves, by G. B. Whitham. Pp.636. £50. 1999. ISBN 0 471 35942 4 (Wiley).

(b) Write out the equations for the time dependence of ρ11, ρ22, ρ12 and ρ21 assuming that a light field interaction V = -μ12Ee iωt + c.c. couples only levels |1> and |2>, and that the excited levels exhibit spontaneous decay. (8 marks) (c) Under steady-state conditions, find the ratio of populations in states |2> and |3>. (3 marks) (d) Find the slowly varying amplitude ̃ ρ 12 of the polarization ρ12 = ̃ ρ 12e iωt . (6 marks) (e) In the limiting case that no decay is possible from intermediate level |3>, what is the ground state population ρ11(∞)? (2 marks) 2. (15 marks total) In a 2-level atom system subjected to a strong field, dressed states are created in the form |D1(n)> = sin θ |1,n> + cos θ |2,n-1> |D2(n)> = cos θ |1,n> sin θ |2,n-1>

The Quantum Theory of Light

Describes the mechanical, optical and electronic improvements of the wavemeters which has been presented previously (J. Optics, vol.15 , no.1, p.31-41, 1984). These improvements have made the apparatus (Michelson interferometer) more reliable. Measurement accuracy has been improved. The wavemeter has been tested with two reference lasers (Ar+ at 514 nm and He-Ne at 633 nm), stabilized on hyperfine components of 127I2 The measurement uncertainties have been evaluated (systematic and statistical dispersion). The experimental results exhibit an accuracy of the interferometer equal to 3,5 10-9. They describe two examples of high resolution stimulated Raman spectra calibration.

http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0150-536X/19/1/001/pdf

Wavelengths measurements of continuous wave lasers with a wavemeter. Applications to high resolution Raman spectra calibration

We experimentally investigate the nonlinear reshaping of a continuous wave that leads to chirp-free and flat-top intense pulses or flaticons exhibiting strong temporal oscillations at their edges and a stable self-similar expansion upon propagation of their central region. This study was performed in the normal dispersion regime of a nonzero dispersion-shifted fiber and involved a sinusoidal phase modulation of the continuous wave. Our fiber optics experiment is analogous to considering the collision between oppositely directed currents near the beach, and it may open the way to new investigations in the field of hydrodynamics.

/pdf/experimental-generation-of-optical-flaticon-pulses-33mun2ljo9.pdf

Experimental generation of optical flaticon pulses.

Mid-infrared dual-comb spectroscopy offers interesting applications since molecules have their strongest rotational–vibrational absorptions in this frequency domain. Besides, generating frequency combs with electro-optic modulators recently showed promising results toward dual-comb spectroscopy. Here, we report a conversion in the mid-infrared of two mutually coherent frequency combs generated with electro-optic modulators to perform dual-comb spectroscopy in this region. Using fourth-order modulation instability taking place in the normal dispersion regime of a highly nonlinear fiber and by seeding this phenomenon with a frequency agile and low-power laser around 1.3 μm, we develop a stable and wavelength tunable all-fibered dual-comb spectrometer operating in the 2 μm region. This allows us to investigate CO2 absorption spectra over 37 nm and to measure collisional broadening coefficients of a few rotational–vibrational lines. Frequency combs correspond to optical spectra composed of a succession of equally spaced lines that can be used in numerous fields such as high-precision spectroscopy. The authors report a new way of converting frequency combs in the mid-infrared region, which has potential applications in molecular spectroscopy and gas sensing.

/pdf/two-micron-all-fibered-dual-comb-spectrometer-based-on-37b0o27hbm.pdf

Two-micron all-fibered dual-comb spectrometer based on electro-optic modulators and wavelength conversion

We investigate theoretically and experimentally the strong conversion regime of parametric four-photon amplification or induced modulational instability in the normal dispersion regime of propagation in a highly birefringent fiber. Such optical mixing is observed by injecting a tunable linearly polarized (along the fast axis) anti-Stokes signal wave copropagating with a pump equisplitted between the fiber axes (i.e., linearly polarized at 45\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}) which entail that the two pump modes experience cross-phase modulation. In agreement with a four-wave model developed to study the depleted regime of the mixing process, we observe that the strongest conversion occurs outside the parametric gain bandwidth, or in other words, under conditions of modulational stability of the pump beam. This proves that the optimum signal frequency deviates significantly from the prediction of the linear stability analysis or the usual phase-matching argument.

Strong four-photon conversion regime of cross-phase-modulation-induced modulational instability

The influence of CO2 and H2O on the rotational relaxation processes of N2 in ternary mixtures N2–CO2–H2O is investigated. The efficiency of these perturbers is responsible for significant modifications of the state‐to‐state relaxation rates and broadening coefficients. Flame data are well reproduced by taking into account these modifications. The role of these minor species in the determination of temperatures in premixed flames is analyzed. The present relaxation model allows us to understand why the discrepancy between observed and calculated coherent anti‐Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS) spectra in flames is sometimes resolved by empirically adding a dephasing component to pure nitrogen linewidths. Moreover, this model improves the accuracy of CARS temperature measurements.

Guy Millot

Papers

Wavelengths measurements of continuous wave lasers with a wavemeter. Applications to high resolution Raman spectra calibration

Experimental generation of optical flaticon pulses.

Two-micron all-fibered dual-comb spectrometer based on electro-optic modulators and wavelength conversion

Strong four-photon conversion regime of cross-phase-modulation-induced modulational instability

Rotational relaxation of nitrogen in ternary mixtures N2–CO2–H2O: Consequences in coherent anti‐Stokes Raman spectroscopy thermometry