다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

This paper describes the contents of the 2016 edition of the HITRAN molecular spectroscopic compilation. The new edition replaces the previous HITRAN edition of 2012 and its updates during the intervening years. The HITRAN molecular absorption compilation is composed of five major components: the traditional line-by-line spectroscopic parameters required for high-resolution radiative-transfer codes, infrared absorption cross-sections for molecules not yet amenable to representation in a line-by-line form, collision-induced absorption data, aerosol indices of refraction, and general tables such as partition sums that apply globally to the data. The new HITRAN is greatly extended in terms of accuracy, spectral coverage, additional absorption phenomena, added line-shape formalisms, and validity. Moreover, molecules, isotopologues, and perturbing gases have been added that address the issues of atmospheres beyond the Earth. Of considerable note, experimental IR cross-sections for almost 300 additional molecules important in different areas of atmospheric science have been added to the database. The compilation can be accessed through www.hitran.org. Most of the HITRAN data have now been cast into an underlying relational database structure that offers many advantages over the long-standing sequential text-based structure. The new structure empowers the user in many ways. It enables the incorporation of an extended set of fundamental parameters per transition, sophisticated line-shape formalisms, easy user-defined output formats, and very convenient searching, filtering, and plotting of data. A powerful application programming interface making use of structured query language (SQL) features for higher-level applications of HITRAN is also provided.

/pdf/the-hitran-2008-molecular-spectroscopic-database-1ud8clpej3.pdf

The HITRAN 2008 molecular spectroscopic database

A topical review of numerical and experimental studies of supercontinuum generation in photonic crystal fiber is presented over the full range of experimentally reported parameters, from the femtosecond to the continuous-wave regime. Results from numerical simulations are used to discuss the temporal and spectral characteristics of the supercontinuum, and to interpret the physics of the underlying spectral broadening processes. Particular attention is given to the case of supercontinuum generation seeded by femtosecond pulses in the anomalous group velocity dispersion regime of photonic crystal fiber, where the processes of soliton fission, stimulated Raman scattering, and dispersive wave generation are reviewed in detail. The corresponding intensity and phase stability properties of the supercontinuum spectra generated under different conditions are also discussed.

Supercontinuum generation in photonic crystal fiber

to be done in this area. Face recognition is a problem that scarcely clamoured for attention before the computer age but, having surfaced, has involved a wide range of techniques and has attracted the attention of some fine minds (David Mumford was a Fields Medallist in 1974). This singular application of mathematical modelling to a messy applied problem of obvious utility and importance but with no unique solution is a pretty one to share with students: perhaps, returning to the source of our opening quotation, we may invert Duncan's earlier observation, 'There is an art to find the mind's construction in the face!'.

Linear and nonlinear waves, by G. B. Whitham. Pp.636. £50. 1999. ISBN 0 471 35942 4 (Wiley).

(b) Write out the equations for the time dependence of ρ11, ρ22, ρ12 and ρ21 assuming that a light field interaction V = -μ12Ee iωt + c.c. couples only levels |1> and |2>, and that the excited levels exhibit spontaneous decay. (8 marks) (c) Under steady-state conditions, find the ratio of populations in states |2> and |3>. (3 marks) (d) Find the slowly varying amplitude ̃ ρ 12 of the polarization ρ12 = ̃ ρ 12e iωt . (6 marks) (e) In the limiting case that no decay is possible from intermediate level |3>, what is the ground state population ρ11(∞)? (2 marks) 2. (15 marks total) In a 2-level atom system subjected to a strong field, dressed states are created in the form |D1(n)> = sin θ |1,n> + cos θ |2,n-1> |D2(n)> = cos θ |1,n> sin θ |2,n-1>

The Quantum Theory of Light

Parabolic pulses at 1550 nm have been generated in a standard telecommunications fiber using Raman amplification. The parabolic output pulse characteristics are studied as a function of input pulse energy and duration.

Experimental properties of parabolic pulses generated via Raman amplification in standard optical fibers

We present the first experimental observation of cross-polarization modulation activated modulation instability in the normal dispersion regime of a randomly birefringent telecom optical fiber. The instability is induced by two wavelength-division-multiplexed and orthogonally polarized pumps.

Observation of Manakov polarization modulation instability in the normal dispersion regime of randomly birefringent telecom optical fiber

Solitons on ﬁnite background (SFB) and particularly rational solitons (RS) are exact analytical solutions of integrable wave equations, and for this reason they may be regarded as a coherent and deterministic approach to the understanding of rogue wave (RW) phenomena. However, RWs events are known to spontaneously emerge from an incoherent turbulent state of the system. It is thus of fundamental importance to study whether RSs can emerge from a turbulent environment (i.e., in more realistic oceanic conditions). To this aim, we ﬁrst review here our recent experiments based on optical ﬁber systems to generate the localized nonlinear structures evolving upon a nonzero background plane wave (the Akhmediev, Peregrine and Kuznetsov-Ma solutions). The setup is based exclusively on commercially available telecommunication-ready components and standard silica ﬁber. It allows us to observe a complete family of SFB solutions to the nonlinear Schrodinger equation. Next we show how a suitably low frequency modulation on a continuous wave can induce higher-order modulation instability splitting. This phenomenon arises from the nonlinear superposition of single breather evolutions]. Finally we study the emergence of rogue waves and RSs in a genuine turbulent wave system. In particular we show that the coherent deterministic description of RWs provided by the rational soliton solutions is compatible with an accurate statistical description of the random wave provided by the wave turbulence theory. Furthermore, the simulations reveal that even in the weakly nonlinear regime, the nonlinearity can play a key role in the emergence of an individual rogue wave event in a turbulent environment.

Rogue waves: rational solitons and wave turbulence theory

Parabolic pulses in optical fibers have stimulated an increasing number of applications. We review here the physics underlying the generation of such pulses as well as the results obtained in a wide-range of experimental configurations.

Parabolic pulse generation and applications

We overview recent advances in the research on spatiotemporal beam shaping in nonlinear multimode optical fibers. An intense light beam coupled to a graded index (GRIN) highly multimode fiber undergoes a series of complex nonlinear processes when its power grows larger. Among them, the lowest threshold effect is the Kerr-induced beam self-cleaning, that redistributes most of the beam energy into a robust bell-shaped beam close to the fundamental mode. At higher powers a series of spectral sidebands is generated, thanks to the phase matching induced by the long period grating due to the periodic self-imaging of the beam and the Kerr effect. Subsequently a broadband and spectrally flat supercontinuum is generated, extending from the visible to the mid-infrared.

Guy Millot

Papers

Experimental properties of parabolic pulses generated via Raman amplification in standard optical fibers

Observation of Manakov polarization modulation instability in the normal dispersion regime of randomly birefringent telecom optical fiber

Rogue waves: rational solitons and wave turbulence theory

Parabolic pulse generation and applications

Nonlinear dynamics in multimode optical fibers