Killing of tumor cells by anticancer therapies commonly used in the treatment of cancer, e.g. chemotherapy, gamma-irradiation, immunotherapy or suicide gene therapy, is predominantly mediated by triggering apoptosis, the cell's intrinsic death program. Accordingly, defects in apoptosis pathways can result in cancer resistance to current treatment approaches. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that regulate cell death programs including apoptosis, and how resistant forms of cancer evade apoptotic events, may provide novel opportunities for cancer drug development.

Targeting apoptosis pathways in cancer therapy

Clinical Outcomes of Patients Receiving Fluoroquinolones to Treat Bacteremia Caused by Enterobacteriaceae Isolates Considered Intermediate or Resistant to These Agents According to the Recently Revised Susceptibility Testing Standards by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI).

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (IJSEM) phenotypic database

Background: A global problem of multi-drug resistance (MDR) among bacteria is the cause of hundreds of thousands of deaths every year. In response to the significant increase of MDR bacteria, legislative measures have widely been taken to limit or eliminate the use of antibiotics, including in the form of feed additives for livestock, but also in metaphylaxis and its treatment, which was the subject of EU Regulation in 2019/6. Numerous studies have documented that bacteria use both phenotypis and gentic strategies enabling a natural defence against antibiotics and the induction of mechanisms in increasing resistance to the used antibacterial chemicals. The mechanisms presented in this review developed by the bacteria have a significant impact on reducing the ability to combat bacterial infections in humans and animals. Moreover, the high prevalence of multi-resistant strains in the environment and the ease of transmission of drug-resistance genes between the different bacterial species including commensal flora and pathogenic like foodborne pathogens (E. coli, Campylobacter spp., Enterococcus spp., Salmonella spp., Listeria spp., Staphylococcus spp.) favor the rapid spread of multi-resistance among bacteria in humans and animals. Given the global threat posed by the widespread phenomenon of multi-drug resistance among bacteria which are dangerous for humans and animals, the subject of this study is the presentation of the mechanisms of resistance in most frequent bacteria called as “foodborne pathoges” isolated from human and animals. In order to present the significance of the global problem related to multi-drug resistance among selected pathogens, especially those danger to humans, the publication also presents statistical data on the percentage range of occurrence of drug resistance among selected bacteria in various regions of the world. In addition to the phenotypic characteristics of pathogen resistance, this review also presents detailed information on the detection of drug resistance genes for specific groups of antibiotics. It should be emphasized that the manuscript also presents the results of own research i.e., Campylobacter spp., E. coli or Enetrococcus spp. This subject and the presentation of data on the risks of drug resistance among bacteria will contribute to initiating research in implementing the prevention of drug resistance and the development of alternatives for antimicrobials methods of controlling bacteria.

/pdf/antibiotic-resistance-in-bacteria-a-review-3oluolqo.pdf

Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria—A Review

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2022.101716

The control of poultry salmonellosis using organic agents: an updated overview

Salmonella spp. is a bacterial causative agent that can cause salmonellosis in humans and animals. Salmonellosis is categorized as an important zoonotic disease in public health. Infection can be acquired by direct contact and indirect contact with animals. Indirect transmission can occur through contact with the environment around animals or with contaminated objects around poultry farms. Salmonella in humans, which is an infectious disease, has three types of infections, namely typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, and non-typhoid Salmonella (NTS). Typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever are caused by S. typhi and S. enterica serovar Paratyphi (S. paratyphi), in contrast, S. typhimurium, S. enteritidis, Salmonella enterica serovar newport (S. newport), and Salmonella enterica serovar heidelberg (S. heildeberg) causes non-typhoid Salmonella infection. The distribution of Salmonella is very widespread and persistent in dry environments but can persist in water for up to several months. In poultry, Salmonella can cause clinical disease or subclinical infection in asymptomatic animals which are often referred to as carriers. Infectious disease control in poultry farms always uses antibiotics. High antibiotic use can lead to increased antibiotic resistance. Raising awareness is critical to limiting the inappropriate use of antibiotics.

/pdf/a-review-of-salmonellosis-on-poultry-farms-public-health-49omgqd223.pdf

A Review of Salmonellosis on Poultry Farms: Public Health Importance

Effendi MH, Tyasningsih W, Yurianti YA, Rahmahani J, Harijani N, Plumeriastuti H. 2021. Presence of multidrug resistance (MDR) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) of Escherichia coli isolated from cloacal swab of broilers in several wet markets in Surabaya, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 304-310. The purpose of this research was to identify multidrug resistance (MDR) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) of Escherichia coli from cloacal swab of broiler chicken in several wet markets in Surabaya. This study used 60 broiler chicken samples, with cloacal swab method. The samples were isolated and identified to find Escherichia coli with several procedures, MacConckey Agar (MCA), Eosin Methylene Blue Agar (EMBA), Gram staining, indole test, Methyl Red-Voges Proskauer (MR-VP), citrate, and Triple Sugar Iron Agar (TSIA). Antibiotic sensitivity test was tested by using Kirby-Bauer (Disc Diffusion Method) with antibiotics: Aztreonam, Gentamicin, Chloramphenicol, Tetracycline, and Ciprofloxacin. From research, it can be illustrated that the isolates resistant to antibiotic Ciprofloxacin were 67% and Tetracycline was 65%. Total 97% isolates were found sensitive for Aztreonam, 73% for Chloramphenicol, and 55% for Gentamicin. Twelve isolates identified for MDR and two were ESBL. It can be explained that broiler chicken from wet market should be considered as a source of transmission for MDR and ESBL of E. coli to the public health.

Keywords: Escherichia coli, MDR, ESBL, Broiler chicken, Wet markets, Public health

/pdf/presence-of-multidrug-resistance-mdr-and-extended-spectrum-3gq2lraibt.pdf

Presence of multidrug resistance (MDR) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) of Escherichia coli isolated from cloacal swab of broilers in several wet markets in Surabaya, Indonesia

. Ansharieta R, Ramandinianto SC, Effendi MH, Plumeriastuti H. 2021. Molecular identification of blaCTX-M and blaTEM genes encoding extended-spectrum s-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli isolated from raw cow’s milk in East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 1600-1605. The emergence of extended-spectrum ?-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria and its increasing level has become public health issue. The presence of these bacteria in food of animal origin is quite alarming. The objective of this study was to detect and characterize Escherichia coli producing ESBL encoding genes, isolated from 200 raw cow milk samples in East Java, Indonesia. The results of this study showed that 70.5% of isolates were confirmed as E. coli, based on the morphological growth of colonies on the EMB Agar and biochemical IMViC tests. In this study, the double-disc synergy test (DDST) method was used to confirm the ESBL, and previously sorted out presumptively by using Aztreonam antibiotic disc. The antibiotics used were amoxicillin-clavulanate, ceftazidime, and cefotaxime for DDST. In addition, ESBL confirmation with Multiplex PCR method for blaCTX-M and blaTEM genes were done. The presence of ESBL-producing by E. coli isolated from raw cow’s milk in East Java were 2.12% (3/141). The PCR results showed that the double blaCTX-M and blaTEM gene harbored by 2 ESBL isolates and one blaTEM gene as many as 1 ESBL isolate. Thus, the findings of our study indicate that milk can be a good reservoir of bacteria carrying blaCTX-M and blaTEM ESBL resistance genes with the potential to affect human health.

/pdf/molecular-identification-of-blactx-m-and-blatem-genes-3rzcgsoayu.pdf

Molecular identification of blaCTX-M and blaTEM genes encoding extended-spectrum ß-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli isolated from raw cow’s milk in East Java, Indonesia

Background: Cinnamon is a flavoring ingredient that has been used in daily routines as a spice. Data from various literature on cinnamon reveal that it mainly contains essential oils and important compounds such as cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, cinnamic acid, and cinnamate. These compounds are used as an anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and many other beneficial activities. 

Aims and Objectives: This research tries to reveal the latest comprehensive bioactive compounds that are up to date on the essential oils of Cinnamomum burmannii which are related to phytochemicals and various pharmacological activities from several regions in Indonesia. 

Materials and Methods: Steam distillation was used for extraction of the essential oil. The identification of active compound from the essential oil was conducted using gas chromatographymass spectrometry techniques. 

Results: We found that there was able to clarify the crucial role of cinnamaldehyde as a potent antidiabetic compound of the C. burmanniis essential oil, the largest percentage of cinnamaldehyde on essential oil was from Kerinci, Jambi Province. 

Conclusion: Therefore, from our study, we would like to conclude that there is a link between the compound of C. burmanniis essential oil and antidiabetic potential.

Identification of bioactive compound of the essential oils of Cinnamomum burmannii from several areas in Indonesia by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method for antidiabetic potential

Grouper fish (Epinepholus sp.) is the most important commercial marine culture fish species with high market value and good protein. Although it has high economic value, grouper fish also has the potential to be the target of several zoonotic bacterial agents, including Streptococcus iniae, A. hydrophila and Vibrio vulnificus. Zoonosis is a disease that can be transmitted naturally between vertebrates and humans. Indirect transmission can occur through contact with the environment around the fish. Grouper fish can also be a source of antimicrobial resistant (AMR) transmission. It is necessary to think about controlling infectious diseases in fish without using antibiotics. High antibiotic use can lead to increased antibiotic resistance. It is hoped that this review will raise our awareness of the potential bacterial zoonoses and AMR of high value grouper fish. Therefore, it is hoped that the consumption of grouper fish will not cause public health problems.




	
		
			How to Cite this Article
		
		
			Pubmed Style
			
			Helmi AM, Mukti AT, Soegianto A, Mahardika K, Mastuti I, . A Review of Bacterial Zoonoses and Antimicrobial Resistant (AMR) on Grouper fish (Epinepholus sp.). SRP. 2020; 11(9): 79-88. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.9.14
			
			Web Style
			
			Helmi AM, Mukti AT, Soegianto A, Mahardika K, Mastuti I, . A Review of Bacterial Zoonoses and Antimicrobial Resistant (AMR) on Grouper fish (Epinepholus sp.). http://www.sysrevpharm.org/?mno=137281 [Access: March 30, 2021]. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.9.14

			
			AMA (American Medical Association) Style

			Helmi AM, Mukti AT, Soegianto A, Mahardika K, Mastuti I, . A Review of Bacterial Zoonoses and Antimicrobial Resistant (AMR) on Grouper fish (Epinepholus sp.). SRP. 2020; 11(9): 79-88. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.9.14

			
			Vancouver/ICMJE Style

			Helmi AM, Mukti AT, Soegianto A, Mahardika K, Mastuti I, . A Review of Bacterial Zoonoses and Antimicrobial Resistant (AMR) on Grouper fish (Epinepholus sp.). SRP. (2020), [cited March 30, 2021]; 11(9): 79-88. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.9.14

			
			Harvard Style

			Helmi, A. M., Mukti, . A. T., Soegianto, . A., Mahardika, . K., Mastuti, . I. & (2020) A Review of Bacterial Zoonoses and Antimicrobial Resistant (AMR) on Grouper fish (Epinepholus sp.). SRP, 11 (9), 79-88. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.9.14

			
			Turabian Style

			Helmi, Azhar Muhammad, Akhmad Taufiq Mukti, Agoes Soegianto, Ketut Mahardika, Indah Mastuti, and Mustofa Helmi Effendi and Hani Plumeriastuti. 2020. A Review of Bacterial Zoonoses and Antimicrobial Resistant (AMR) on Grouper fish (Epinepholus sp.). Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 11 (9), 79-88. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.9.14

			
			Chicago Style

			Helmi, Azhar Muhammad, Akhmad Taufiq Mukti, Agoes Soegianto, Ketut Mahardika, Indah Mastuti, and Mustofa Helmi Effendi and Hani Plumeriastuti. "A Review of Bacterial Zoonoses and Antimicrobial Resistant (AMR) on Grouper fish (Epinepholus sp.)." Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy 11 (2020), 79-88. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.9.14

			
			MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

			Helmi, Azhar Muhammad, Akhmad Taufiq Mukti, Agoes Soegianto, Ketut Mahardika, Indah Mastuti, and Mustofa Helmi Effendi and Hani Plumeriastuti. "A Review of Bacterial Zoonoses and Antimicrobial Resistant (AMR) on Grouper fish (Epinepholus sp.)." Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy 11.9 (2020), 79-88. Print. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.9.14

			
			APA (American Psychological Association) Style

			Helmi, A. M., Mukti, . A. T., Soegianto, . A., Mahardika, . K., Mastuti, . I. & (2020) A Review of Bacterial Zoonoses and Antimicrobial Resistant (AMR) on Grouper fish (Epinepholus sp.). Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 11 (9), 79-88. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.9.14

/pdf/a-review-of-bacterial-zoonoses-and-antimicrobial-resistant-g5e86porwa.pdf

Hani Plumeriastuti

Papers

A Review of Salmonellosis on Poultry Farms: Public Health Importance

Presence of multidrug resistance (MDR) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) of Escherichia coli isolated from cloacal swab of broilers in several wet markets in Surabaya, Indonesia

Molecular identification of blaCTX-M and blaTEM genes encoding extended-spectrum ß-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli isolated from raw cow’s milk in East Java, Indonesia

Identification of bioactive compound of the essential oils of Cinnamomum burmannii from several areas in Indonesia by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method for antidiabetic potential

A review of bacterial zoonoses and antimicrobial resistant (AMR) on grouper fish (epinepholus sp.)