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Presence of multidrug resistance (MDR) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) of Escherichia coli isolated from cloacal swab of broilers in several wet markets in Surabaya, Indonesia

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TLDR
It can be explained that broiler chicken from wet market should be considered as a source of transmission for MDR and ESBL of E. coli to the public health.
Abstract
Effendi MH, Tyasningsih W, Yurianti YA, Rahmahani J, Harijani N, Plumeriastuti H. 2021. Presence of multidrug resistance (MDR) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) of Escherichia coli isolated from cloacal swab of broilers in several wet markets in Surabaya, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 304-310. The purpose of this research was to identify multidrug resistance (MDR) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) of Escherichia coli from cloacal swab of broiler chicken in several wet markets in Surabaya. This study used 60 broiler chicken samples, with cloacal swab method. The samples were isolated and identified to find Escherichia coli with several procedures, MacConckey Agar (MCA), Eosin Methylene Blue Agar (EMBA), Gram staining, indole test, Methyl Red-Voges Proskauer (MR-VP), citrate, and Triple Sugar Iron Agar (TSIA). Antibiotic sensitivity test was tested by using Kirby-Bauer (Disc Diffusion Method) with antibiotics: Aztreonam, Gentamicin, Chloramphenicol, Tetracycline, and Ciprofloxacin. From research, it can be illustrated that the isolates resistant to antibiotic Ciprofloxacin were 67% and Tetracycline was 65%. Total 97% isolates were found sensitive for Aztreonam, 73% for Chloramphenicol, and 55% for Gentamicin. Twelve isolates identified for MDR and two were ESBL. It can be explained that broiler chicken from wet market should be considered as a source of transmission for MDR and ESBL of E. coli to the public health. Keywords: Escherichia coli, MDR, ESBL, Broiler chicken, Wet markets, Public health

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References
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Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing

TL;DR: The supplemental information presented in this document is intended for use with the antimicrobial susceptibility testing procedures published in the following Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)–approved standards.
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TL;DR: More rapid diagnostic testing of ESBL-producing bacteria and the possible modification of guidelines for community-onset bacteraemia associated with UTIs are required.
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Antimicrobial Use and Resistance in Animals

TL;DR: Alternatives to growth-promoting and prophylactic uses of antimicrobials in agriculture include improved management practices, wider use of vaccines, and introduction of probiotics to minimize the further development of antimicrobial resistance.
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The diversity of definitions of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and pandrug-resistant (PDR) Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

TL;DR: The review reveals that various definitions have been used for the terms MDR and PDR A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa, a fact that causes confusion to researchers and clinicians and the authors believe that at least a widely accepted definition for PDR
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