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Elements Of Chemical Reaction Engineering

Biodiesel is biodegradable and nontoxic alternative fuel for diesel engine which has become more attractive to replace diesel fuel. In this study, vegetable oil was identified as potential sources for biodiesel production. The production of biodiesel from different non-edible oilseed crops has been extensively investigated for the past few years. Thus, the aim of this study is to critically review on the characteristic of the potential biodiesel and biodiesel diesel blends fuel properties. The aspects of this study cover the biodiesel production and fuel properties of biodiesel and biodiesel blends. Besides, some studies have shown that there is a direct correlation between fatty acid composition and biodiesel properties. The fuel properties of biodiesel blends fuel were very close to diesel fuels and satisfied ASTM 6751 and EN 14214 standards. As a final note, further study on the utilization of biodiesel blends needs to be carried out in order to ensure optimization in engine operation.

Overview properties of biodiesel diesel blends from edible and non-edible feedstock

Impacts of additives on performance and emission characteristics of diesel engines during steady state operation

Optimization of biodiesel production process for mixed Jatropha curcas–Ceiba pentandra biodiesel using response surface methodology

A comprehensive review on the environmental impacts of diesel/biodiesel additives

Influence of synthetic antioxidants on the oxidation stability of biodiesel produced from acid raw Jatropha curcas oil

Kinetics of sequential reaction of hydrolysis and sugar degradation of rice husk in ethanol production: effect of catalyst concentration.

A preliminary study : Distillation of isopropanol-water mixture using fixed adsorptive distillation method

Transesterification of candlenut (aleurites moluccana) oil with methanol using potassium hydroxide as catalyst was studied. The objective of the present investigation was to produce the methyl ester for use as biodiesel. The operation variables employed were methanol to oil molar ratio (3:1 – 9:1), catalyst concentration (0.50 – 1.5 %) and temperature (303 – 343K). Oil volume of 150 mL, reaction time of 75 min were fixed as common parameters in all the experiments. The concentration of methyl ester was evaluated by mass balance of free glycerol formed which was analyzed by using periodic acid. The optimal triglyceride conversion was attained by using methanol to oil ratio of 6:1, potassium hydroxide as catalyst was of 1%, at room temperature. Methyl ester formed was characterized by its density, viscosity, cloud and pour points. The biodiesel properties had properties similar to those of diesel oil, except for the viscosity that was higher. Keywords—biodiesel, candlenut, methyl ester, transestrification

Biodiesel Production from High Iodine Number Candlenut Oil

The conversion of glycerol, a byproduct in biodiesel production, to valuable products will improve the economic feasibility of a biodiesel plant. Conversion of glycerol and sodium bicarbonate to glycerol carbonate over natural clinoptilolite was studied in a 500 mL batch reactor for 30–60 min. The optimum condition for better conversion of glycerol was investigated by altering the ratio of reactant, water content, ratio of catalyst-to-glycerol (wt%), diameter of zeolite particles, treatment of natural clinoptilolite, and temperature. The conversion of glycerol has been improved by increasing temperature, concentration of catalyst and decreasing catalyst diameter. Nevertheless, the conversion decreased with increasing of sodium bicarbonate concentration and with higher amount of water. The highest conversion of glycerol was obtained over treated clinoptilolite with diameter catalyst of 0.46 mm, catalyst-to-glycerol ratio of 9 wt%, sodium bicarbonate/glycerol ratio of 3, and water/glycerol of 3 at temperature of 100 °C for 30 min. Applications of sodium bicarbonate as a reactant and water as solvent and natural clinoptilolite as solid catalyst are potential to reduce cost of production and environmental footprint.

Hary Sulistyo

Papers

Influence of synthetic antioxidants on the oxidation stability of biodiesel produced from acid raw Jatropha curcas oil

Kinetics of sequential reaction of hydrolysis and sugar degradation of rice husk in ethanol production: effect of catalyst concentration.

A preliminary study : Distillation of isopropanol-water mixture using fixed adsorptive distillation method

Biodiesel Production from High Iodine Number Candlenut Oil

Glycerol Carbonate Production from Biodiesel Waste Over Modified Natural Clinoptilolite