http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/5610941/5624686/05624745.pdf

Power electronics

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Electronic Control Of Switched Reluctance Machines

This article presents a delay-suppressed sliding-mode observer (SMO) to observe the real-time rotor position of a permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) controlled by vector control algorithms. First, in order to solve the low-pass filter (LPF) delay problem existing in the traditional signum function-based SMO, a brand new hyperbolic function is initially selected as the switching function. Because a hyperbolic function with a proper boundary layer is capable of reducing the chattering phenomenon of an SMO, it is not necessary to reemploy LPFs to eliminate the adverse impacts of chattering on the position estimation accuracy. In order to ensure the reachability and stability of the hyperbolic-function-based SMO, the observer gain is calculated by the means of a Lyapunov function in this article. Second, to solve the problem of calculation delay caused by digital computation, a current precompensation scheme based on dual-sampling strategy in one switching period is proposed. After compensating the calculation delay, the accuracy of position estimation as well as the motor control performance can be improved. Finally, the proposed SMOs with and without delay compensation are verified by both simulation and experiments that are conducted on a three-phase 1.5-kW PMSM drive prototype.

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An Improved Delay-Suppressed Sliding-Mode Observer for Sensorless Vector-Controlled PMSM

With the increasing concerns on more electricity or full electricity for modern energy conversion systems, the key component of electric machine, has been paid more and more attention for the development of the new topologies and advanced drives. In the meantime, the emerging machines and drives show the increasing merits for the modern industrial needs. This paper investigates the latest developments and challenges of electric machines and drives. The key is to discuss and explore the machine topologies, structures, characteristics, operation principles, control strategies, and new applications. Thus, the developing trends and opportunities of the new electric machines and drives can be revealed for modern potential applications.

Emerging Electric Machines and Drives — An Overview

This paper proposes a comprehensive framework for multiobjective design optimization of switched reluctance motors (SRMs) based on a combination of the design of experiments and particle swarm optimization (PSO) approaches. First, the definitive screening design was employed to perform sensitivity analyses to identify significant design variables without bias of interaction effects between design variables. Next, optimal third-order response surface (RS) models were constructed based on the Audze-Eglais Latin hypercube design using the selected significant design variables. The constructed optimal RS models consist of only significant regression terms, which were selected by using PSO. Then, a PSO-based multiobjective optimization coupled with the constructed RS models, instead of the finite-element analysis, was performed to generate the Pareto front with a significantly reduced computational cost. A sample SRM design with multiple optimization objectives, i.e., maximizing torque per active mass, maximizing efficiency, and minimizing torque ripple, was conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed optimal design framework.

/pdf/multiobjective-optimization-of-switched-reluctancemotors-5b1vnj7w3a.pdf

Multiobjective Optimization of Switched ReluctanceMotors Based on Design of Experiments and ParticleSwarm Optimization

In this paper a study is presented about the reduction of electromagnetic interference (EMI) in Direct Torque Control (DTC) method by the means of chaotic space vector modulation. Space Vector Modulated Direct Torque Control (SV-DTC) is a method developed to reduce current and moment fluctuations which stem from the hysteresis controllers used in classical DTC method. The switching frequency amplitude was changed chaotically in a Space Vector Modulated Direct Torque Control (FFSV-DTC) having a Fixed switching frequency, and Chaotic Space Vector Modulated Direct Torque Control (CAFSV-DTC) method having chaotic amplitude modulated switching frequency was obtained. CAFSV-DTC method was suggested to reduce EMI, acoustic noise and current harmonics which occur in FFSV-DTC method. For this purpose, the proposed CAFSV-DTC method, using a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) drive, is compared to Random Amplitude Frequency method (RSV-DTC) and FFSV-DTC. Simulation results indicate that the proposed method yields better results. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eee.22.1.14097

/pdf/reduction-of-emi-with-chaotic-space-vector-modulation-in-53gocbil80.pdf

Reduction of EMI with Chaotic Space Vector Modulation in Direct Torque Control

In this study, Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM), Induction Motor (IM), Brushless DC Motor, and Permanent Magnet Motor (PM), and their drives have been compared with the efficiency, cost, weight, cooling, maximum speed, reliability, fault tolerance, power ratings, and vehicle acceleration time. Hence, a comprehensive literature research on motor types and their drives used in EV has been made. According to these researches, some conclusions have been obtained. It has been seen that PM BLDC motors and their drives are the most efficient and have high power density, brushless DC motors and their drives have low cost, IM is appropriate for controllability and cost, the weight of SRM is low, its reliability is high, it operates fault-tolerance and according to the acceleration time, its performance is better than IM and BLDC. Hence, SRM is the most appropriate motor for EV.

A survey on comparison of electric motor types and drives used for electric vehicles

In rotating machines, no end effects occur because of their cylindrical geometry, which has no ends in the direction of movement. In linear motors, however, either the rotor or the stator has a finite length, and end effects occur because of the part having finite length entering or exiting the magnetic field. End effects occur as magnetic waves having attenuation, and play a major role in the performance of linear induction motors (LIMs), especially at high speeds. As the speed increases, efficiency decreases because of longitudinal end effects. This decrease in efficiency has a braking effect. In high-speed maglev devices, such as trains, the efficiency and performance of the LIMs become very important. We report on our investigation of end effects by the finite-element method.

Investigation of End Effects in Linear Induction Motors by Using the Finite-Element Method

Estimation of dimension parameters for an electric machine has great importance before assembling on production line. As a matter of fact, researchers should find optimum solution once they decide to perform analytical design of an electric machine. In this study, we have tried to find dimensional and electrical parameters via derived mathematical equations for in-wheel switched reluctance motor (IW-SRM), and the motor has been manufactured. Moreover, an experimental setup is designed, and the speed and torque control of IW-SRM is carried out. The motor tests including both standstill and running test are performed by using the experimental setup. Initial size parameters are intuitively provided as motor analysis is conducted by software package. Then, numerous trials are examined to get optimum results. In fact, this motor is employed by an electric vehicle whose design is ongoing. Therefore, optimum motor parameters for required base speed and torque have been estimated by solving generated equations for IW-SRM with 18/12 poles via MATLAB. Considering parameters estimated, analysis of IW-SRM has been performed by Ansoft Maxwell 15.0 Software Package based on 3D finite element method (3D-FEM). Consequently, the estimated parameters have been validated by the results of Maxwell 3D FEM. Experimental results of the motor manufactured are obtained via the motor driver designed; also have been validated by Maxwell 3D.

Design, analysis, and control of in-wheel switched reluctance motor for electric vehicles

In this research, the aim is to come up with an algorithm determining most appropriate variables of CAN (Controller Area Network) bus data for Aggressive/Calm Driving detection problem. This study assists drivers to take attention their Aggressive/Calm Driving habits on steering wheel. System complexity increases as involving all the variables in the problem. Therefore we can get cost efficiency by eliminating variables. With this aim, the proposed algorithm is applied to find optimal variables before identifying driving mood. As an initial phase, we have realized several test-drives having employed drivers with different driving styles being aggressive and calm in order for collecting data needed. Afterwards the novel algorithm developed is applied to eliminate trivial variables. Proposed method is based on exploiting similar correlation characteristics related to variables appearing in both Aggressive and Calm driving. As applying the selection algorithm, similar relation clusters are obtained with the aim of searching for redundant variables that will be eliminated. In this manner we reach a favorable set belonging to optimal variables. This novel algorithm can be easily applied for the systems including binary data set.

Hasan Kürüm

Papers

Reduction of EMI with Chaotic Space Vector Modulation in Direct Torque Control

A survey on comparison of electric motor types and drives used for electric vehicles

Investigation of End Effects in Linear Induction Motors by Using the Finite-Element Method

Design, analysis, and control of in-wheel switched reluctance motor for electric vehicles

An effective variable selection algorithm for Aggressive/Calm Driving detection via CAN bus