Hellen Amuguni

TL;DR: The use of Bacillus subtilis to express antigens that can be administered either intranasally or sublingually is providing new insights in the area of mucosal vaccines, and advances will help to accelerate the development and testing of new mucosalvaccines against many human and animal diseases.

TL;DR: Investigation of the impacts of anthrax on human livelihoods and the related perceptions of conservation, public health, and veterinary health efforts in the QENP area found that social pressures, the economics of poverty, and the lack of health and veterinary infrastructure highly influenced responses to disease.

TL;DR: There is potential for high exposure to pesticides for farmers, their families, and animals sharing rice-growing or downstream environments and points to the need for training on safe and effective pesticide use.

TL;DR: This study demonstrates for the first time thatSL or IN administration is effective for inducing both systemic and mucosal responses in a piglet model, indicating that SL or IN delivery of a B. subtilis-based tetanus vaccine can be a simple, non-invasive, low cost strategy to induce immunity to tetanus.

TL;DR: Major achievements and challenges of OH implementation are presented, and urgent efforts should be made through government support to address current and related future challenges.