In the past, many types of researches have been performed to allow multi-element determinations using atomic absorption spectrometry. The first spectrometers developed for this purpose were proposed in the 1970s, using flame and furnace atomizers. In the early 2000s, a spectrometer equipped with software that allows a fast selection of the hollow cathode lamps was introduced commercially. This equipment operates in a sequential mode, and it enables the determination of up to 16 elements. Many publications have reported its performance. Over the years, many spectrometers were built adding new technologies, but they were discontinued due to low sensitivity, difficulty for background corrections, etc. However, all the efforts of the past have contributed to the development and consolidation of the high-resolution continuum source atomic absorption spectrometry (HR-CS AAS) using flame and furnace atomizers. This technique allows the establishment of sequential and simultaneous methods for determinations of many elements with high sensitivity and efficient background correction.

Atomic absorption spectrometry – A multi element technique

Simultaneous optimization of multiple responses and its application in Analytical Chemistry - A review.

Analytical strategies of sample preparation for the determination of mercury in food matrices — A review

Due to the great importance of inorganic arsenic detection for global environment and human health, many methods and techniques have been developed in the past decades for its quantification in various matrices. Among them, nanomaterial-based sensors and biosensors have been attracting growing attention because, on the one hand, nanostructured materials enable researchers to explore new principles for inorganic arsenic detection, and on the other hand, they can greatly improve the analytical performance. In this review, we summarize recent inorganic arsenic sensors and biosensors dependent on nanomaterials, to inspire materials scientists to contribute more emerging materials and analytical chemists to explore novel sensing methods for this field. In detail, there are five main types of nanomaterial-based principles and strategies explored for inorganic arsenic analysis, including redox properties of inorganic arsenic, inhibitions of natural enzymes, anodic stripping voltammetry, recognitions of inorganic arsenic by aptamers, and specific interactions between inorganic arsenic and nanomaterials. Our emphasis is put on unfolding the versatile roles of nanoscale materials in these sensors and biosensors and how they overcome the limitations faced by traditional approaches. Last but not least, current challenges and future development trends of inorganic arsenic determination with the use of nanomaterials are also provided.

Nanomaterial-based sensors and biosensors for enhanced inorganic arsenic detection: A functional perspective

Contaminants (Cd, Cr, and Pb) as well as minor (B, Cu, Mn, Na, and Zn) and major (Ca and Mg) elements were directly determined in solid fertilizer samples using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). Factorial designs were used to define the most appropriate LIBS parameters and pellet pressure on solid fertilizers. Emission lines for all of the analytes were collected and employed 12 signal normalization modes. The best results were obtained using a laser energy of 75 mJ, a spot size of 50 μm, a pressure of 10 t/in., and a delay of 2.0 μs. Good correlation was obtained between the calibration model’s prediction using the proposed LIBS method and the reference values obtained with ICP-OES. The limits of detection (LOD) for the proposed method varied from 2 mg/kg (for Cd) to 1% (for Zn).

Direct Determination of Contaminants and Major and Minor Nutrients in Solid Fertilizers Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS)

Fast determination of trace elements in organic fertilizers using a cup-horn reactor for ultrasound-assisted extraction and fast sequential flame atomic absorption spectrometry.

Development and comparison of two analytical methods to quantify the mercury content in honey

This paper describes the development of a fast method for determination of arsenate in samples of honey. The variables studied in the optimization of the method were NaBH4 concentration, pre-reducing agent, HCl concentration, the diluent type and contact time with the sample. The optimized conditions were 50 g L−1 of sample prepared in 1.3 mol L−1 HCl and 10 g L−1 SC(NH2)2. The hydride generation solutions were 8.5 g L−1 NaBH4 and 2.5 mol L−1 HCl. The limit of detection (LOD) was 20 ng g−1. The validated method was used to quantify arsenate in 27 samples of honey collected from different cities of Minas Gerais state, Brazil. All samples showed arsenate concentrations below the LOD.

Development of a method for the direct determination of arsenate in honey by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry

Determinacoes fisico-quimicas em sedimentos do Corrego dos Carrapatos (Nova Lima, Minas Gerais) foram realizadas para fornecer uma analise ambiental critica, dados para os estudos de avaliacao de impacto ambiental, e ajudar na construcao do Plano de Manejo do Parque Municipal Rego dos Carrapatos. Altas concentracoes de ferro, manganes, zinco, cobre, cadmio, cromo, fosforo e enxofre depositados em sedimentos de corrente foram encontrados devido as intensas atividades de mineracao a jusante do Parque Ecologico, e por lancamentos de esgoto domestico no corrego. Os resultados foram comparados com os valores de background regional e com a orientacao de qualidade do Canadian Council of Minister of the Environment (CCME). Os resultados obtidos sao suficientes para alertar a potencial influencia das atividades humanas no parque, especialmente, sobre a poluicao do ecossistema estudado.

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Heulla Pereira Vieira

Papers

Fast determination of trace elements in organic fertilizers using a cup-horn reactor for ultrasound-assisted extraction and fast sequential flame atomic absorption spectrometry.

Development and comparison of two analytical methods to quantify the mercury content in honey

Development of a method for the direct determination of arsenate in honey by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry

Caracterização de sedimentos de corrente influenciados pelas águas do Parque Ecológico Municipal Rego dos Carrapatos em Nova Lima - MG