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Power Electronics Converters Applications And Design

High-step-up, high-efficiency, and cost-effective dc–dc converters, serving as an interfacing cell to boost the low-voltage output of renewable sources to the utility voltage level, are an important part in renewable energy systems. Over the past few years, there has been a substantial amount of studies devoted to high-step-up dc–dc converters. Among them, the category of coupled-inductor boost converters is widely researched and considered to be a promising solution for high-step-up applications. In this paper, these converters are categorized into five groups according to the major topological features. The derivation process, advantages, and disadvantages of these converters are systematically discussed, compared, and scrutinized. This paper aims to provide an introduction, review, and framework for the category of high-step-up coupled-inductor boost converters. General structures for the topologies are proposed to clarify the topological derivation process and to show potential gaps. Furthermore, challenges or directions are presented in this paper for deriving new topologies in this field.

Overview of High-Step-Up Coupled-Inductor Boost Converters

In this paper, a nonisolated dc–dc converter with high voltage gain is presented. Three diodes, three capacitors, an inductor, and a coupled inductor are employed in the presented converter. Since the inductor is connected to the input, the low input current ripple is achieved, which is important for tracking maximum power point of photovoltaic panels. The voltage stress across switch S is clamped by diode D 1 and capacitor C 1. Therefore, a main switch with low on-resistance RDS (on) can be employed to reduce the conduction loss. Besides, the main switch is turned on under zero current. This reduces the switching loss. The steady-state analysis of the proposed converter is discussed in this paper. Finally, the proposed converter prototype circuit is implemented to justify the validity of the analysis.

A Novel High Step-Up DC–DC Converter With Continuous Input Current Integrating Coupled Inductor for Renewable Energy Applications

DC microgrids are popular due to the integration of renewable energy sources such as solar photovoltaics and fuel cells. Owing to the low output voltage of these dc power generators, high efficient high gain dc–dc converters are in need to connect the dc microgrid. In this paper, a nonisolated high gain dc–dc converter is proposed without using the voltage multiplier cell and/or hybrid switched-capacitor technique. The proposed topology utilizes two nonisolated inductors that are connected in series/parallel during discharging/charging mode. The operation of switches with two different duty ratios is the main advantage of the converter to achieve high voltage gain without using extreme duty ratio. The steady-state analysis of the proposed converter using two different duty ratios is discussed in detail. In addition, a 100 W, 20/200 V prototype circuit of the high gain dc–dc converter is developed, and the performance is validated using experimental results.

Nonisolated High Gain DC–DC Converter for DC Microgrids

This article reviews the design and evaluation of different DC-DC converter topologies for Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs). The design and evaluation of these converter topologies are presented, analyzed and compared in terms of output power, component count, switching frequency, electromagnetic interference (EMI), losses, effectiveness, reliability and cost. This paper also evaluates the architecture, merits and demerits of converter topologies (AC-DC and DC-DC) for Fast Charging Stations (FCHARs). On the basis of this analysis, it has found that the Multidevice Interleaved DC-DC Bidirectional Converter (MDIBC) is the most suitable topology for high-power BEVs and PHEVs (> 10kW), thanks to its low input current ripples, low output voltage ripples, low electromagnetic interference, bidirectionality, high efficiency and high reliability. In contrast, for low-power electric vehicles (<10 kW), it is tough to recommend a single candidate that is the best in all possible aspects. However, the Sinusoidal Amplitude Converter, the Z-Source DC-DC converter and the boost DC-DC converter with resonant circuit are more suitable for low-power BEVs and PHEVs because of their soft switching, noise-free operation, low switching loss and high efficiency. Finally, this paper explores the opportunity of using wide band gap semiconductors (WBGSs) in DC-DC converters for BEVs, PHEVs and converters for FCHARs. Specifically, the future roadmap of research for WBGSs, modeling of emerging topologies and design techniques of the control system for BEV and PHEV powertrains are also presented in detail, which will certainly help researchers and solution engineers of automotive industries to select the suitable converter topology to achieve the growth of projected power density.

DC-DC Converter Topologies for Electric Vehicles, Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles and Fast Charging Stations: State of the Art and Future Trends

In this paper, a novel high step-up dc/dc converter is presented for renewable energy applications. The suggested structure consists of a coupled inductor and two voltage multiplier cells, in order to obtain high step-up voltage gain. In addition, two capacitors are charged during the switch-off period, using the energy stored in the coupled inductor which increases the voltage transfer gain. The energy stored in the leakage inductance is recycled with the use of a passive clamp circuit. The voltage stress on the main power switch is also reduced in the proposed topology. Therefore, a main power switch with low resistance $R_{{\rm DS} ({\rm ON})}$ can be used to reduce the conduction losses. The operation principle and the steady-state analyses are discussed thoroughly. To verify the performance of the presented converter, a 300-W laboratory prototype circuit is implemented. The results validate the theoretical analyses and the practicability of the presented high step-up converter.

A Novel High Step-up DC/DC Converter Based on Integrating Coupled Inductor and Switched-Capacitor Techniques for Renewable Energy Applications

This paper proposes a novel structure for a boost dc/dc converter. The presented structure is based on the SEPIC converter. Therefore, the converter benefits from various advantages that the SEPIC converter has such as continuous input current. Also, high voltage conversion gain and higher efficiency are the other advantages of the proposed converter. Input current continuity makes the presented converter suitable for renewable energy sources. Employing a coupled inductor with a voltage multiplier cell in this structure increases its high voltage gain. In addition, lower voltage stress on the main power switch leads to higher conversion efficiency. Also, the energy stored in the leakage inductance of the coupled inductor is recycled, which improves the efficiency more. The steady state analysis and the design of the converter are discussed thoroughly. Experimental results are provided by a 220 W prototype. The results verify the proper operation and feasibility of the presented converter.

Design and Implementation of a New SEPIC-Based High Step-Up DC/DC Converter for Renewable Energy Applications

A new multi-input non-isolated DC/DC converter with high-voltage transfer gain is proposed in this study. The presented converter consists of the conventional buck–boost and boost converters. All the stages except the last stage are buck–boost converters. The last stage is the conventional boost converter. The proposed multi-input high-voltage gain converter benefits from various advantages such as reduced semiconductor current stress, no limitation for switching duty cycle and wide control range of different input powers. The presented converter can even operate when one or some power input fail to provide energy to the load. The steady-state operation and dynamic modelling of the suggested converter are analysed thoroughly. Experimental results are also provided to verify the feasibility of the presented converter.

https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1049/iet-pel.2013.0977

Non-isolated multi-input–single-output DC/DC converter for photovoltaic power generation systems

In this paper, a nonisolated bidirectional dc–dc converter is presented. The proposed converter consists of two boost converters to enhance the voltage gain. Four power switches with their body diodes are employed in the proposed converter. Also, two inductors and a capacitor are used as passive components. The input current is divided to the inductors which causes the efficiency to be high. The voltage gain of the proposed converter is higher than the conventional cascaded bidirectional buck/boost converter (CCBC) in step-up mode. Besides, the voltage gain in step-down mode is lower than CCBC. Besides, the efficiency of the proposed converter more than CCBC while the total stress on active switches are same. The simple structure of the proposed converter causes its control to be easy. The steady-state analysis of the proposed converter is discussed in this paper thoroughly. The stress on converters’ devices and the efficiency of the proposed converter and CCBC are compared in this paper. Finally, the proposed converter prototype circuit is implemented to justify the validity of the analysis.

Hossein Ardi

Papers

A Novel High Step-up DC/DC Converter Based on Integrating Coupled Inductor and Switched-Capacitor Techniques for Renewable Energy Applications

A Novel High Step-Up DC–DC Converter With Continuous Input Current Integrating Coupled Inductor for Renewable Energy Applications

Design and Implementation of a New SEPIC-Based High Step-Up DC/DC Converter for Renewable Energy Applications

Non-isolated multi-input–single-output DC/DC converter for photovoltaic power generation systems

Analysis and Implementation of a Nonisolated Bidirectional DC–DC Converter With High Voltage Gain