THE DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTS. By Oscar Kempthorne. New York, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1952. 631 pp. $8.50. This book by a teacher of statistics (as well as a consultant for \"experimenters\") is a comprehensive study of the philosophical background for the statistical design of experiment. It is necessary to have some facility with algebraic notation and manipulation to be able to use the volume intelligently. The problems are presented from the theoretical point of view, without such practical examples as would be helpful for those not acquainted with mathematics. The mathematical justification for the techniques is given. As a somewhat advanced treatment of the design and analysis of experiments, this volume will be interesting and helpful for many who approach statistics theoretically as well as practically. With emphasis on the \"why,\" and with description given broadly, the author relates the subject matter to the general theory of statistics and to the general problem of experimental inference. MARGARET J. ROBERTSON

The Design and Analysis of Experiments

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Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis

Progress in biofuel production from gasification

Dimethyl ether (DME) is a well-known propellant and coolant, an alternative clean fuel for diesel engines which simultaneously is capable of achieving high performance and low emission of CO, NOx and particulates in its combustion. It can be produced from a variety of feed-stocks such as natural gas, coal or biomass; and also can be processed into valuable co-products such as hydrogen as a sustainable future energy. This review, which also can be counted as an extensive, pioneer review paper on this topic, presents recent developments in synthesis methods of dimethyl ether as an alternative energy while focuses on conventional processes and innovative technologies in reactor design and employed catalysts. In this context, synthesis methods are classified according to their use of raw material type as direct and indirect methods as well as other routes, since different methods need their own operating condition. Also, the available data for the selectivity to DME and its yield as a function of H2/CO and CO2 content of the feed is discussed.

Dimethyl ether: A review of technologies and production challenges

Hydrogen sulfide removal is a long-standing economic and environmental challenge faced by the oil and gas industries. H2S separation processes using reactive and non-reactive absorption and adsorption, membranes, and cryogenic distillation are reviewed. A detailed discussion is presented on new developments in adsorbents, such as ionic liquids, metal oxides, metals, metal–organic frameworks, zeolites, carbon-based materials, and composite materials; and membrane technologies for H2S removal. This Review attempts to exhaustively compile the existing literature on sour gas sweetening and to identify promising areas for future developments in the field.

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00768

Hydrogen Sulfide Capture: From Absorption in Polar Liquids to Oxide, Zeolite, and Metal-Organic Framework Adsorbents and Membranes.

Kinetic study of Fischer–Tropsch process on titania-supported cobalt–manganese catalyst

Thermodynamic analysis of steam reforming of methane with statistical approaches

Preparations of PAN-based adsorbers for separation of cesium and cobalt from radioactive wastes.

A series of solid-acid catalysts with different content of components was prepared using the coprecipitation method. These samples comprised modified γ-Al2O3 with phosphorus. The effects of various contents of phosphorus (Al/P ratio from 0.5 to 3) have been investigated to determine an optimum one. The samples were characterized using BET, TGA, XRD, and NH3-TPD techniques and were also tested in a fixed-bed flow reactor under the same operating conditions (T = 573 K, P = 16 barg, WHSV = 26.07 h−1). According to the experimental results, phosphorus-modified catalysts have shown better performance compared to pure γ-alumina. It was found that surface areas increase with an increase in the molar ratio of aluminum-to-phosphorus. It was observed that aluminum phosphate samples with acidic sites whose acidity is very weak and/or moderate exhibit the best catalytic performance and stability. The sample with molar ratio of Al/P = 1.5 have exhibited the best activity for methanol dehydration.

Catalytic Dehydration of Methanol to Dimethyl Ether Catalyzed by Aluminum Phosphate Catalysts

The process of converting synthesis gas into liquid fuels (Fischer-Tropsch synthesis) is a well-known technology. Among all Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) catalysts, Co- and Fe-based ones are applicable for industrial processes due to their low cost and high activity and selectivity. In this experimental study, a kinetic model has been developed for FTS reactions using co-precipitation technique and Co-Ce/SiO2 as the catalyst. Rate data have been obtained for CO hydrogenation over a co-precipitated well-characterized Co-Ce/SiO2 catalyst, studied in a fixed-bed micro-reactor at atmospheric pressure under the conditions of 200°C to 300°C, H2/CO feed ratio (mol/mol) of 1 and 1.5, and space velocity in the range 2,700 to 5,200 h−1. Characterization of both precursor and calcined catalysts was carried out using powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area measurements. The kinetic parameters were estimated with nonlinear regression method. The data were best fitted by a Langmuir-Hinshelwood-Hougen-Watson approach. The activation energy for the optimal kinetic model was determined to be 31.57 kJ mol−1.

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Hossein Atashi

Papers

Kinetic study of Fischer–Tropsch process on titania-supported cobalt–manganese catalyst

Thermodynamic analysis of steam reforming of methane with statistical approaches

Preparations of PAN-based adsorbers for separation of cesium and cobalt from radioactive wastes.

Catalytic Dehydration of Methanol to Dimethyl Ether Catalyzed by Aluminum Phosphate Catalysts

Kinetics of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis on silica-supported cobalt-cerium catalyst