Recent advances in all-solid-state rechargeable lithium batteries

PEO/garnet composite electrolytes for solid-state lithium batteries: From “ceramic-in-polymer” to “polymer-in-ceramic”

Since their market introduction in 1991, lithium ion batteries (LIBs) have developed evolutionary in terms of their specific energies (Wh/kg) and energy densities (Wh/L). Currently, they do not only dominate the small format battery market for portable electronic devices, but have also been successfully implemented as the technology of choice for electromobility as well as for stationary energy storage. Besides LIBs, a variety of different technologically promising battery concepts exists that, depending on the respective technology, might also be suitable for various application purposes. These systems of the “next generation,” the so-called post-lithium ion batteries (PLIBs), such as metal/sulfur, metal/air or metal/oxygen, or “post-lithium technologies” (systems without Li), which are based on alternative single (Na+, K+) or multivalent ions (Mg2+, Ca2+), are currently being studied intensively. From today’s point of view, it seems quite clear that there will not only be a single technology for all applications (technology monopoly), but different battery systems, which can be especially suitable or combined for a particular application (technology diversity). In this review, we place the lithium ion technology in a historical context and give insights into the battery technology diversity that evolved during the past decades and which will, in turn, influence future research and development.

Lithium ion, lithium metal, and alternative rechargeable battery technologies: the odyssey for high energy density

All solid-state polymer electrolytes for high-performance lithium ion batteries

Li deposition is observed and measured on a solid electrolyte in the vicinity of a metallic current collector. Four types of ion-conducting, inorganic solid electrolytes are tested: Amorphous 70/30 mol% Li2S-P2S5, polycrystalline β-Li3PS4, and polycrystalline and single-crystalline Li6La3ZrTaO12 garnet. The nature of lithium plating depends on the proximity of the current collector to defects such as surface cracks and on the current density. Lithium plating penetrates/infiltrates at defects, but only above a critical current density. Eventually, infiltration results in a short circuit between the current collector and the Li-source (anode). These results do not depend on the electrolytes shear modulus and are thus not consistent with the Monroe–Newman model for “dendrites.” The observations suggest that Li-plating in pre-existing flaws produces crack-tip stresses which drive crack propagation, and an electrochemomechanical model of plating-induced Li infiltration is proposed. Lithium short-circuits through solid electrolytes occurs through a fundamentally different process than through liquid electrolytes. The onset of Li infiltration depends on solid-state electrolyte surface morphology, in particular the defect size and density.

Mechanism of Lithium Metal Penetration through Inorganic Solid Electrolytes

A review of lithium and non-lithium based solid state batteries

Background: Soil is well-known as a route to fungal infection in human. Recently, human exposure to potentially pathogenic fungi is threatening the health of people. People are easily and frequently in touch with soil on summer beaches, however, there has been no report suggesting the association between fungal infection in human and soil on summer beaches. Identifying both environments and fungi in places where people are exposed can be of major health concern. Objective: The purpose of this research is to understand the distribution and frequency of occurrence of keratinophilic fungi (KPF) on summer beaches of the East Sea in Korea. Methods: To investigate the distribution of soil KPF living in beaches of the East Sea in Korea, soil samples were collected at 132 sites of eleven different areas and KPF were isolated by hair baiting technique. Results: 1. 43 strains of KPF were recovered from 41 (31.0%) out of 132 samples. 2. Isolated fungi were composed of 36 strains of Chrysosporium species, 6 strains of Microsporum gypseum, and 1 strain of Trichophyton ajelloi. 3. Among three areas under different condition of moisture and shadedness (i.e., sunny wet, sunny dry, and shaded dry area), the frequency of isolation was highest in shaded dry area (56.8%) followed by sunny dry (36.4%) and sunny wet area (4.5%). Conclusion: The distribution of KPF in beaches of the East Sea in Korea was somewhat different from that in previous studies which had been undertaken in other areas of Korea. Therefore, we think this report can support the association between the fungal infection in human and soil. [Kor J Med Mycol 2011; 16(2): 44-50]

Distribution of Soil Keratinophilic Fungi Isolated in Summer Beaches of the East Sea in Korea

Achromatic atrophic macules and patches of upper extremities.

Acta Derm Venereol 95 © 2014 The Authors. doi: 10.2340/00015555-2024 Journal Compilation © 2015 Acta Dermato-Venereologica. ISSN 0001-5555 A 4-year-old boy presented with skin-coloured papules for unknown period of time. The papules were asymptomatic but tended to spread over time. He had no past medical history, and there was no personal or family history of any skin disease. Physical examination revealed multiple linear arranged skin-coloured papules on the scrotum (Fig. 1A). Linear Skin-coloured Papules on Scrotum: A Quiz

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Linear Skin-coloured Papules on Scrotum: A Quiz. Apocrine hidrocystoma.

Cutaneous lesions of leukemia cutis (LC) by chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL) have been merely reported due to the rare occurrences of CNL. Furthermore cutaneous lesions in relation to clinical severity have been far less studied. A 70-year-old man presented with multiple violaceous papules and excoriations on both lower extremities. The diagnosis was LC based on histologic and laboratory evaluation and the origin was elaborated as CNL with the confirmation of colony stimulating factor 3 receptor (CSF3R) mutation. Interestingly, the patient presented clinical severity in a parallel manner to the hematologic abnormality. To the best of our knowledge, there has been no reported case of CSF3R confirmed LC in CNL featuring explicit skin eruption in relation to laboratory findings.

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Leukemia Cutis in Chronic Neutrophilic Leukemia Associated with Colony Stimulating Factor 3 Receptor Mutation: Clinical Severity Paralleled with Hematologic Abnormality

Hyun Chung

Papers

A review of lithium and non-lithium based solid state batteries

Distribution of Soil Keratinophilic Fungi Isolated in Summer Beaches of the East Sea in Korea

Achromatic atrophic macules and patches of upper extremities.

Linear Skin-coloured Papules on Scrotum: A Quiz. Apocrine hidrocystoma.

Leukemia Cutis in Chronic Neutrophilic Leukemia Associated with Colony Stimulating Factor 3 Receptor Mutation: Clinical Severity Paralleled with Hematologic Abnormality