The impact of fuel injection pressure on the exhaust emissions of a direct injection diesel engine fueled with biodiesel–diesel fuel blends

Biodiesel has proved to be an environment friendly alternative fuel for diesel engine because it can alleviate regulated and unregulated exhaust emissions. However, most researchers have observed a significant increase in NO x emissions with biodiesel when compared to petrodiesel. The exact cause of this increase is still unclear; however, researchers believe that the fuel properties have been shown to effect the emissions of NO x . The present work reviews the effect of fuel properties and composition on NO x emissions from biodiesel fuelled engines. The paper is organised in three sections. The first section deals with the NO x formation mechanisms. In the following section, the reasons for increased NO x emissions of biodiesel fuel are discussed. After this, the influence of composition and fuel properties on NO x emissions from biodiesel fuelled engines has been reviewed. Finally, some general conclusions concerning this problem are summarised and further researches are pointed out.

Influence of fuel properties and composition on NOx emissions from biodiesel powered diesel engines: A review

Effect of diesel–microalgae biodiesel–butanol blends on performance and emissions of diesel engine

A compressive review on the effects of alcohols and nanoparticles as an oxygenated enhancer in compression ignition engine

Biogas is a potentially important energy source that can be used for the production of heat, electricity and fuel. It can be produced at wastewater treatment plants, landfills, food and other industrial operations throughout the world. There is largely untapped potential in agricultural operations where animal waste is often land applied or otherwise disposal of without conversion to energy. According to the last agricultural census (2009) in Turkey; there are a total of 3,076,650 agricultural enterprises and approximately 70% of these enterprises are running livestock farming. 10,811,165 of total animal is cattle, 26,877,793 of total animal is small ruminant and 234,082,206 is poultry. The amount of wet waste of these animals is about 120,887,280 t. These wastes could be a major problem for enterprises and cannot be utilized properly. The best way to utilize waste is to produce biogas. In this study, biogas amount which will be obtained from animal waste was calculated for all provinces by using the number of livestock animals and also considering various criteria such as the rate of dry matter and availability. Animal origin waste map of Turkey was also produced with these calculated values. The biogas energy potential of Turkey was found to be 2,177,553,000 m3 (2.18 Gm3) by using the animal numbers in the last agricultural census (2009). The total biogas potential is originated from 68% cattle, 5% small ruminant and 27% poultry. Biogas energy equivalence of Turkey is approximately 49 PJ (1170.4 ktoe). When the prepared waste map is examined; provinces that have more than 1 GJ of biogas energy potential are found to be; Bolu, Balikesir, Izmir, Sakarya, Konya, Manisa, Erzurum, Afyon, Kars and Ankara respectively.

Status and potential of biogas energy from animal wastes in Turkey

Recently, different brake pads have started to be investigated in brake friction industry by replacing the asbestos with new materials. This paper presents the role of Ulexite on friction assessment and screening Test of newly formulated brake pads. Friction coefficient, specific wear ratio, and scanning electron microscope SEM for friction surfaces were examined to assess the performance of brake pads. From the results, they concluded that the friction material containing Ulexite improved friction stability and fade resistance. Further, for heat treated samples they claimed a higher and stable friction coefficient. POLYM. COMPOS., 2015. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers

The effect of ulexite to the tribological properties of brake lining materials

This research is focused on the effect of porosity on the friction-wear properties of automotive brake pads. Waste Tire Dust (WTD) was used as a new friction material in brake pads. Newly formulated brake pad materials with five different components have been produced by conventional techniques. In the experimental studies, the change of the friction coefficient, the temperature of the friction surface, the specific wear rate, and the hardness, density and porosity were measured. In addition, the micro-structural characterizations of brake pads are determined using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The mean coefficient of friction, porosity and specific wear are increased due to a WTD rate increases, on the other hand, hardness and density are decreased. As a result, WTD can be considered as an alternative to revalorize this kind of waste products in the brake pads and the amount of porosity of the brake pad affected the friction coefficient and wear behavior of the pad.

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The effects of porosity in friction performance of brake pad using waste tire dust

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate use of colemanite (C) upon friction and wear performance of automotive brake lining. Brake lining production with the boron product colemanite addition and braking characterization investigated for development of non-asbestos organic (NAO) brake lining because of negative effects on human health and environmental hazard of asbestos containing linings. During the braking, brake lining is warmed up extremely due to friction, and the high temperature causes to decreasing of breaking performance. Colemanite has high melting temperature, and this makes this material valuable for brake lining. Design/methodology/approach – This study investigated the effect of colemanite (C) upon friction and wear performance of automotive brake lining. Based on a simple experimental formulation, different amounts of boron product colemanite were used and then evaluated using a friction assessment and screening test. In these specimens, half of the samples (shown with H indi...

The effect of colemanite on the friction performance of automotive brake friction materials

In this study, the use of rice husk (RH) dust in addition to ulexite (UX) has been investigated for estimating the effect on friction coefficient. RH includes silica which gives the pad materials a ceramic like behavior. To obtain RH, rice husk was grained after it had been dried. Different amounts of RH were included in the brake pad mix in addition to the other regular components. UX is a boron mineral which is widely used in boron glass production and in ceramic industry for increasing heat resistance and abrasion resistance. The newly formulated brake pads have been tested by the friction assessment and screening test (FAST). The friction coefficient and wear rate have been determined and investigations by scanning electron microscope (SEM) of the friction surfaces have been carried out to estimate the performance of these samples.

Investigation of using rice husk dust and ulexite in automotive brake pads

In this study, performance and exhaust emissions of a diesel engine fueled with Fuel A (60% diesel–30% biodiesel–5% ethanol–5% butanol) and Fuel B (40% diesel–50% biodiesel–5% ethanol–5% butanol) were investigated. The biodiesel produced from trap grease was obtained with an oil separator. Fuel A and Fuel B were tested in a single cylinder, four-stroke diesel engine at full load conditions. Compared with diesel fuel, the performance characteristics of blend fuels slightly deteriorated while the emission characteristics improved significantly. CO and HC emissions decreased by 87.01 and 87.50%, respectively.

İlker Sugözü

Papers

The effect of ulexite to the tribological properties of brake lining materials

The effects of porosity in friction performance of brake pad using waste tire dust

The effect of colemanite on the friction performance of automotive brake friction materials

Investigation of using rice husk dust and ulexite in automotive brake pads

The Influence of Diesel Fuel-biodiesel-ethanol-butanol Blends on the Performance and Emission Characteristics of a Diesel Engine