The current research study is to develop an easy and eco-friendly method for the synthesis of AgNPs using aqueous leaf extract of Calophyllum tomentosum (CtAgNPs) and evaluated the extract to know the effects of anti-bacterial, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory and anti-tyrosinase activity. Using UV–vis spectrophotometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) characterized the Calophyllum tomentosum mediated silver nanoparticles. The leaf extract of C. tomentosum yielded flavonoids, saponins, tannins, alkaloids, glycosides, phenols, terpenoids and coumarins. AgNPs formation was confirmed by UV–vis spectra at 438 nm. Crystalline structure with a face centered cubic (fcc) of AgNPs was observed in XRD. FTIR had shown that the phytochemicals were responsible for the reduction and capping material of silver nanoparticles. The size and shape of the AgNPs were determined using SEM. From EDX study analysed the strong absorption property of AgNPs. The CtAgNPs have showed significant antibacterial activity on multi drug resistance bacteria. The CtAgNPs had shown strong antioxidant (DPPH, H2O2 scavenging, nitric oxide scavenging power, reducing power) activities. The CtAgNPs had strongly inhibited the α-glucosidase and DPPIV compared to α-amylase. The CtAgNPs exhibited strong anti-inflammatory activity (albumin denaturation, membrane stabilization, heat haemolytic, protein inhibitory, lipoxygenase, xanthine oxidase) and tyrosinase inhibitory activity. To our best knowledge, this is the first attempt on the synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Calophyllum tomentosum leaves extract. Hence, to validate our results the in vivo studies at molecular level are needed to develop an antioxidant, anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory agent.

Characterization, antibacterial, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and antityrosinase activity of green synthesized silver nanoparticles using Calophyllum tomentosum leaves extract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is recognized as a serious global health problem that is characterized by high blood sugar levels. Type 2 DM is more common in diabetic populations. In this type of DM, inhibition of 𝛼-glucosidase is a useful treatment to delay the absorption of glucose after meals. As a megabiodiversity country, Indonesia still has a lot of potential unexploited forests to be developed as a medicine source, including as the 𝛼-glucosidase inhibitor. In this study, we determine the 𝛼-glucosidase inhibitory activity of 80% ethanol extracts of leaves and twigs of some plants from the Apocynaceae, Clusiaceae, Euphorbiaceae, and Rubiaceae. Inhibitory activity test of the 𝛼-glucosidase was performed in vitro using spectrophotometric methods. Compared with the control acarbose (IC50 117.20 μg/mL), thirty-seven samples of forty-five were shown to be more potent 𝛼-glucosidase inhibitors with IC50 values in the range 2.33–112.02 μg/mL.

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Screening of α-glucosidase inhibitory activity from some plants of Apocynaceae, Clusiaceae, Euphorbiaceae, and Rubiaceae.

Physiology and pharmacology

This research study is to develop an easy and eco-friendly method for the synthesis of AgNPs using aqueous extract of endophytic fungi, Cladosporium species (CsAgNPs) and investigated the effects o...

Endophyte fungi, Cladosporium species-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles possessing in vitro antioxidant, anti-diabetic and anti-Alzheimer activity

Antidiabetic activity and phytochemical screening of extracts from indonesian plants by inhibition of alpha amylase, alpha glucosidase and dipeptidyl peptidase IV

The compounds that could inhibit the activity of a-glucosidase are potentially used for antidiabetic by suppressing postprandial hyperglycemia. This research aimed to investigate the hypoglycemic activity in A. terreus koji extracted by ethyl acetate. The extracts was dissolved in methanol: water (1:4), followed by fractionations with n-hexane, methylene chloride and ethyl acetate. Each fraction was assayed for its activity against a-glucosidase. The active fraction was purified by column chromatography using silica gel and resin as adsorbent. The kopi extract showed potential as alpha-glucosidase inhibition with IC50 <10 microg mL(-1) and showed combination of non-competitive and uncompetitive inhibition mode against a-glucosidase. Ethyl acetate fraction showed potential as inhibitor alpha-glucosidase with IC50 = 8.6 microg mL(-1). In animal experiment, active fraction (F10-4) of ethyl acetate fraction suppressed the increase of postprandial blood glucosidase level compare to the control. Thus it showed potential as alpha-glucosidase inhibitor and demonstrated depressed postprandial blood glucose level and may have potential use in the management of type 2 diabetes.

Inhibitory effect of koji Aspergillus terreus on alpha-glucosidase activity and postprandial hyperglycemia.

Bay leaf (Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp) is not only can be used as food seasoning and flavoring but also as medicine. Indonesian National Agency of Drug and Food Control established bay leaf as one of the nine major medicinal plants. The aim of this study was to conduct in vitro bioactivities analysis as antidiabetic, antioxidant and toxicity of bay leaf water extract. Bay leaf used in this study was collected from the gardens of research center for science and technology (Puspiptek) Serpong, Tangerang Selatan Indonesia, dried and extracted steeping in boiled water. Antidiabetic was measured using α-glucosidase inhibition method; antioxidant was measured using DPPH free radical flushing activity method; toxicity test was measured using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). The resulst showed that the decoction of bay leaves showed antidiabetic (41.4% inhibition of a-glucosidase) and antioxidant (49.4% scavenging of DPPH) activities at sample concentration of 50 µg/ml and very low toxic effect on brine shrimp larvae (LD50> 1000µg / mL). The results suggest that bay leaf water extract has potential to be used in development of functional drink to reduce diabetic risk.Bay leaf (Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp) is not only can be used as food seasoning and flavoring but also as medicine. Indonesian National Agency of Drug and Food Control established bay leaf as one of the nine major medicinal plants. The aim of this study was to conduct in vitro bioactivities analysis as antidiabetic, antioxidant and toxicity of bay leaf water extract. Bay leaf used in this study was collected from the gardens of research center for science and technology (Puspiptek) Serpong, Tangerang Selatan Indonesia, dried and extracted steeping in boiled water. Antidiabetic was measured using α-glucosidase inhibition method; antioxidant was measured using DPPH free radical flushing activity method; toxicity test was measured using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). The resulst showed that the decoction of bay leaves showed antidiabetic (41.4% inhibition of a-glucosidase) and antioxidant (49.4% scavenging of DPPH) activities at sample concentration of 50 µg/ml and very low toxic effect on brine s...

Bioactivities of Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp leaf extract for decreasing diabetic risk

. Dewijanti ID, Mangunwardoyo W, Dwiranti A, Hanafi M, Artanti N. 2020. Short communication: Effects of the various source areas of Indonesian bay leaves (Syzygium polyanthum) on chemical content and antidiabetic activity. Biodiversitas 21: 1190-1195. Bay leaves (Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp) are from an Indonesian plant species belonging to the Myrtaceae family. The Indonesian name for this plant is salam; it is found in Sumatra, Kalimantan, and the Java Islands. Its leaves are the part of the plant commonly used. Salam leaves are usually consumed by people as a food flavoring, but are also used as a traditional antidiabetic medicine. The purpose of this study was to discover the effects of salam leaves’ origins on their chemical content and antidiabetic activity. For this reason, salam leaf samples were collected from three different provinces in Java (West Java, Central Java, and East Java). The samples were extracted by boiling in water. Phytochemical screening, chemical analysis using TLC, HPLC, LC-MSMS, and FTIR, and antidiabetic in vitro testing using alpha-glucosidase inhibition methods were conducted on the salam leaves’ water extracts. The results showed that salam leaf extracts from all three provinces contained quercetin. However, the salam originating from East Java also contained coniferin, the salam from Central Java contained juncusol, and the salam from West Java contained retucine. The salam leaves originating from East Java showed the lowest antidiabetic activity, whereas salam leaf extract showed significantly higher antidiabetic activity. As conclusion, a plant’s growth origin affects its chemical content and antidiabetic activity.

https://smujo.id/biodiv/article/download/4967/3747

Short communication: Effects of the various source areas of Indonesian bay leaves (Syzygium polyanthum) on chemical content and antidiabetic activity

Plants are source of medicinal compounds. Salam leaf or Indonesian bay leaf (Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp) from the family of Myrtaceae are widely used as herbs and spices for cooking (culinary) and as traditional medicine for diabetes, diarrhea, and hypertension. Indonesian bay leaf contains many compounds including essential oils, tannins, and flavonoids. In this study, 70 % and 96 % ethanol extracts of bay leaf obtained from the garden in Research Center for Science and Technology (PUSPIPTEK), Serpong, Tangerang Selatan, Indonesia were tested in vitro according to α-glucosidase inhibition method to determine antidiabetic activity and to scavenge DPPH free radicals in order to determine antioxidant activity and toxicity on Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). The results showed that extraction of Indonesian bay leaf by using 70 % and 96 % ethanol extracts have anti diabetic activity (97.37 % and 95.51 % α-glucosidase inhibition) and antioxidants activities (89.66 % and 69.18 % DPPH inhibition), respectively and have very low toxic effects on brine shrimp larvae (LD50 > 1,000 µg/mL).

Bioactivities of Salam leaf (Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp)

Ethanol extract of Syzygium cumini (jamblang) leaves reveal its significant α-glucosidase inhibitory activity which perform the potential activity of this plant extract as antidiabetic agent. However, other bioactivities of this plant extract have been reported. The aim of current study was to evaluate the comparison of in vitro antidiabetic, antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of S. cumini fractions. The S. cumini leaves ethanol extract was fractionated by using column chromatography with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol as eluents. Seven fractions were obtained from column chromatography (F1-7). The results showed that the best antidiabetic activity was found in F5 (93% α-glucosidase inhibitory activity), the best antioxidant activity was found in F4 (83% inhibition of DPPH free radical) and the best cytotoxic activity was found in F2 (69% growth inhibition of T47D breast cancer cell line). Therefore besides in vitro antidiabetic activity, fractions of S. cumini leaves ethanol extract also showed antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. Since the results showed that the most active fractions for antidiabetic, antioxidant and cytotoxicity were differed, it could be possible to isolate the different potential active compounds for each activity. Keywords : Syzygium cumini , α-glucosidase inhibitor, DPPH, cytotoxicity

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Indah Dwiatmi Dewijanti

Papers

Inhibitory effect of koji Aspergillus terreus on alpha-glucosidase activity and postprandial hyperglycemia.

Bioactivities of Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp leaf extract for decreasing diabetic risk

Short communication: Effects of the various source areas of Indonesian bay leaves (Syzygium polyanthum) on chemical content and antidiabetic activity

Bioactivities of Salam leaf (Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp)

in vitro Antidiabetic, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Syzygium cumini Fractions from Leaves Ethanol Extract