Skeletal muscle operates as a near-constant volume system; as such muscle shortening during contraction is transversely linked to radial deformation. Therefore, to assess contractile properties of skeletal muscle, radial displacement can be evoked and measured. Mechanomyography measures muscle radial displacement and during the last 20 years, tensiomyography has become the most commonly used and widely reported technique among the various methodologies of mechanomyography. Tensiomyography has been demonstrated to reliably measure peak radial displacement during evoked muscle twitch, as well as muscle twitch speed. A number of parameters can be extracted from the tensiomyography displacement/time curve and the most commonly used and reliable appear to be peak radial displacement and contraction time. The latter has been described as a valid non-invasive means of characterising skeletal muscle, based on fibre-type composition. Over recent years, applications of tensiomyography measurement within sport and exercise have appeared, with applications relating to injury, recovery and performance. Within the present review, we evaluate the perceived strengths and weaknesses of tensiomyography with regard to its efficacy within applied sports medicine settings. We also highlight future tensiomyography areas that require further investigation. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to critically examine the existing evidence surrounding tensiomyography as a tool within the field of sports medicine.

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Assessment of Skeletal Muscle Contractile Properties by Radial Displacement: The Case for Tensiomyography

Spices have broadly been used as food flavoring and folk medicine since ancient times. Numerous phytochemicals have been identified in spices, namely thymol (ajowan and thyme), anethole (aniseed), piperine (black pepper), capsaicin (capsicum), cinnamaldehyde (cinnamon), eugenol (clove), linalool (coriander), sabinene (curry leaf), limonene (dill seed), estragole (fennel seed), allicin (garlic), gingerol (ginger), safranal (saffron), and curcumin (turmeric), among others. The antioxidants in spices are very effective and also render anti-mutagenic, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties. Apart from their antioxidant efficacy, spices, particularly their essential oils possess strong antimicrobial activity against bacteria, fungi, yeasts, and microbial toxins synthesis. In this contribution, a summary of the most relevant and recent findings on phytochemical composition and antioxidant properties of spices has been compiled and discussed. The content of phenolic acids, flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, steroids, and terpenoids in different spices are summarized. In addition, the beneficial effects of spices in food preservation and in health promotion and disease risk reduction are briefly described.

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Bioactives in spices, and spice oleoresins: Phytochemicals and their beneficial effects in food preservation and health promotion

Colloidal (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate vesicular systems for prevention and treatment of skin cancer: A comprehensive experimental study with preclinical investigation.

Obesity is a health concern related to many metabolic disorders. In the prevention and treatment of overweight, medicines and bariatric surgeries are major strategies but there are side effects. A variety of naturally occurring bioactive ingredients derived from common spices, including cinnamon, rosemary, ginger, pepper, saffron, garlic, onion and turmeric, have been proved to have weight-loss effects. In this work, the molecular mechanisms of the anti-obesity effect of eight common spices are reviewed and evaluated in cell models, animal models and human subjects. Bioactive compounds from these spices are able to reduce lipid accumulation in fat cells and adipose tissues by regulating the expressions of related transcriptional factors such as CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBPs) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). They are also able to modulate the activities of certain enzymes related to lipogenesis, such as acyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS), glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) and others. After oral treatment with the spice extracts, apoptosis was induced in 3T3-L1 cells, thermogenesis was promoted in adipose tissues, and there was decreased body weight gain in obese animal models and human participants, which provide the basis for these functional food compounds to be developed into dietary supplements against obesity.

Molecular mechanisms of the anti-obesity effect of bioactive ingredients in common spices: a review

The purpose of this study was to establish reference values of tensiomyography (TMG) in professional road cyclists and to examine how the planned periods of the Season produce differences in the muscles: vastus medialis (VM), vastus lateralis (VL), rectus femoris (RF), and biceps femoris (BF), and to determine how these differences may depend on each cyclist, the assessed muscle, and the side of the body. Ten professional road cyclists (27.5 ± 5.5 years; 178.2 ± 7.8 cm; 65.6 ± 5.46 kg; 72.1 ± 3.7 ml·kg·min V[Combining Dot Above]O2; 6 ± 0.4 W·kg) were assessed by TMG, in microcycle recovery, at 2 moments of periods during the season: preparation period (PP) and competition period (CP). Student's t contrast for paired groups, Cohen's d effect sizes, and a repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied. We did not find significant differences (p < 0.01) between the lower limbs. The results showed a significantly large increment between the time contraction (TC) values of the PP and CP in the muscles VM (28.7 ± 5.5 vs. 40.6 ± 14.4 milliseconds; 41.4%, p < 0.05, d = 1.1), VL (28.3 ± 4.9 vs. 40.6 ± 10.2 milliseconds; 43.4%, p < 0.05, d = 1.53), and RF (35.9 ± 6.9 vs. 45.9 ± 16.2 milliseconds; 27.8%, p < 0.05, d = 0.8). Nevertheless, TC of the BF presents a significantly large decrease in the CP (35.9 ± 9.9 vs. 28.2 ± 5.2 milliseconds; -21.4%, p < 0.05, d = 0.97). Radial muscle displacement (DM) values are slightly lower during the CP, but the difference is not significant. ANOVA confirmed that these differences depend on the evaluated muscles (TC p = 0.02; DM p = 0.001) and on the cyclists (TC p = 0.001; DM p = 0.001) and does not depend on the side of the body. In conclusion, the TC values during the Season show marked differences between the knee extensors (large increased) and the knee flexor (large decreased). The DM has not changed significantly, keeping the muscular and tendon stiffness.

Differences in the contractile properties of the knee extensor and flexor muscles in professional road cyclists during the season.

Objective : The research objective was to evaluate the phytochemical compounds, the antioxidant and anti-malarial activity of green tea extract and its fraction. Methods : The antioxidant activity were measured by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity used in vitro laboratories prospective experimental design and completely randomized design, using ethanol extract, hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol fraction, and water fraction of green tea in 7 levels of concentration compared to epicatechin (EC). The data were analyzed using linear regression analysis, and were continued by determined Inhibitory Concentration 50 (IC 50 ). The anti-malarial activity of green tea fractions were compared to artemisinin. The data were analyzed using probit analysis, and were continued by determined IC 50 . Result : The results showed that the highest antioxidant activity (IC 50 ) was the fraction of ethyl acetate 2,184 µg/ml. The anti-malarial activity IC 50 of water and ethyl acetate fraction, ethanol extract and butanol fraction were 0,000090 µg/mL,0,003 µg/mL, 0,006 µg/mL, 0,011 µg/ml respectively. Conclusion : Extract and fractions of green tea have potential anti-malarial and antioxidant properties.

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Phytochemical assay, potential of antimalarial and antioxidant activities of green tea extract and its fraction

Background: Adipocytes accumulate triacylglycerol when excessive food consumption. Adipocyte dysfunction plays an important role in the obesity development. People with a body weight 40 % heavier than the average body weight population at risk of death two times greater than the average body weight. The use of anti-obesity drugs have many side effects, so it is necessary to find the anti-obesity drug with low toxicity. This ex vivo study was conducted to determine the activity of C. longa L. extract in inhibiting triglycerides and cholesterol synthesis and lipid droplet formation on HepG2 cells compared to curcumin. Methods: Anti-obesity activity includes reduced formation of lipid droplet in HepG2 cells can be observed using oil red O staining method. The measurement of triglyceride level was performed according to Randox protocol using Randox TR 210 assay kit. Lipolytic activity by measuring cholesterol levels was performed based on Randox CH 200 kits. Results: This study suggested that the extract of C. longa L. and curcumin have potential anti-obesity compounds. C. longa L. extract have higher activity in inhibiting triglycerides and cholesterol synthesis compared to curcumin with inhibition activities 70.43% and 66.38% respectively in the highest concentration. Conclusion: The C. longa extract posses the anti-adipogenesis potential on inhibiting the synthesis of triglycerides and cholesterol and lipid droplet formation in HepG2 cell as anti-obesity parameters better than curcumin.

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Potency of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) extract and curcumin as anti-obesity by inhibiting the cholesterol and triglycerides synthesis in HepG2 cells

Aims: This research was performed to evaluate the antioxidant and anti malarial activities of various catechins including catechin (C), epicatechin (EC), catechin-gallate (CG), gallocatechingallate (GCG), epigallocatechin (EGC), epicatechin-gallate (ECG), epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). Study Design: The antioxidant activity was measured by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity and anti-malarial activity was determined by In vitro assay against P. falciparum culture, antioxidant activity was analyzed using linear regression analysis, and was continued by determining Inhibitory Concentration 50 (IC 50 ). The anti-malarial activity was analyzed by probit analysis and IC 50 determination.

Antioxidant and Anti-malarial Properties of Catechins

Fatigue and sleep deprivation in basketball players can cause a decrease in alertness and executive function and thus interfere with their performance. This research aimed to determine the effects of acute HIIT to increase alertness and executive function in basketball Journal of Medicine and Health Pengaruh High Intensity Interval ... Vol. 2 No. 6 August 2020 e-ISSN : 2442-5257 J Med Health.2020;2(6):158-165 159 Research Article players. This is an analytic quasi-experimental research with pre-test – post-test design. Thirty male basketball player who was given HIIT training with 12 movements with 30 seconds duration on each movement, interspersed by 10 seconds resting period as instructed on 7-minute workout application. The measured data was the total time (seconds) required to complete Johnson Pascal Test and Trail Making Test Part ‘B’ before and after HIIT. Data were analyzed with the paired t-test (α= 0,05). The result for Johnson Pascal Test showed that the average time in the post-test 108,17 seconds (SD ± 14,842) faster than average time in pre-test 129,43 (SD ± 19,977) ( p<0.05). The result for Trail Making Test Part ‘B’ showed that the average time in post-test 29,64 seconds (SD ±11,99) faster than average time in pre-test 44,91 seconds (SD ± 16,33) (p<0.05). As conclusion, acute HIIT improves alertness and executive function in the basketball player.

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Iwan Budiman

Papers

Phytochemical assay, potential of antimalarial and antioxidant activities of green tea extract and its fraction

Potency of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) extract and curcumin as anti-obesity by inhibiting the cholesterol and triglycerides synthesis in HepG2 cells

Antioxidant and Anti-malarial Properties of Catechins

The Effect of Acute High Intensity Interval Training on Alertness and Executive Function in Basketball Player