J. G. Esler

TL;DR: In this paper, the evolution of the Arctic polar vortex during observed major midwinter stratospheric sudden warmings (SSWs) is investigated for the period 1957-2002, using 40-yr European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Re-Analysis (ERA-40) Ertel's potential vorticity (PV) and temperature fields.

TL;DR: In this paper, a 3D reconstruction of the interface between the two layers of a two-layer stratified fluid is used to investigate the wave pattern as a function of the Froude number, based on the relative density of the fluid layers.

TL;DR: In this article, the fundamental dynamics of vortex splitting in stratospheric sudden warmings (SSWs), which are known to be predominantly barotropic in nature, are reexamined using an idealized single-layer f-plane model.

TL;DR: In this paper, back trajectories driven by large-scale analyzed wind fields are used to investigate troposphere to stratosphere transport (TST) in the Northern Hemisphere tropopause region, as well as the surface sources for such transport, defined in terms of the locations where each trajectory last left the atmospheric boundary layer ( log pressure height z* < 1 km).

TL;DR: Dam break and lock exchange flows are considered in a Boussinesq two-layer fluid system in a uniform two-dimensional channel in this paper, where the focus is on inviscid 'weak' dam breaks or lock exchanges, for which waves generated from the initial conditions do not break, but instead disperse in a so-called undular bore.