http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/5610941/5624686/05624745.pdf

Power electronics

Solid-state switch-mode rectification converters have reached a matured level for improving power quality in terms of power-factor correction (PFC), reduced total harmonic distortion at input AC mains and precisely regulated DC output in buck, boost, buck-boost and multilevel modes with unidirectional and bidirectional power flow. This paper deals with a comprehensive review of improved power quality converters (IPQCs) configurations, control approaches, design features, selection of components, other related considerations, and their suitability and selection for specific applications. It is targeted to provide a wide spectrum on the status of IPQC technology to researchers, designers and application engineers working on switched-mode AC-DC converters. A classified list of more than 450 research publications on the state of art of IPQC is also given for a quick reference.

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A review of single-phase improved power quality AC-DC converters

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Power Electronics Converters Applications And Design

This paper proposes a novel topology for a three-phase hybrid passive filter (HPF) to compensate for reactive power and harmonics. The HPF consists of a series passive filter and a thyristor-controlled-reactor-based variable-impedance shunt passive filter (SPF). A mutual-inductance design concept is used to reduce the series passive filter inductance rating. The special features of the proposed HPF system are as follows: 1) insensitivity to source-impedance variations; 2) no series or parallel resonance problems; 3) fast dynamic response; and 4) significant size reduction in an SPF capacitor. The performance of the proposed HPF system is validated by simulation, as well as by experimentation, under different load conditions. Experimental and simulation results show that the proposed system can effectively compensate all voltage and current harmonics and reactive power for large nonlinear loads.

A Hybrid Passive Filter Configuration for VAR Control and Harmonic Compensation

This paper presents an adaptive arc furnace model. The integrated model is divided into three parts, the supply system model, the nonlinear load model and the controller model. First, the supply system is represented by a set of linear differential equations. Simulation is achieved by a numerical method and the measurements are taken as the control input. Secondly, based on the arc melting process and typical arc furnace V-I characteristic, the arc furnace load is described as a current-controlled nonlinear resistance. The pattern of nonlinear resistance is controlled by the average arc length, which reflects the arc furnace operating condition. Finally, the rectangular approximation of arc voltage is adopted by the controller to generate the arc power-arc length and the arc current-arc length curves. This information combined with the arc furnace operation and measurement information is used for the control scheme to determine the arc length and arc furnace transformer tap. Thus, the proposed adaptive arc furnace model is suitable for different operating conditions. This model is also compared prith the existing arc furnace models, which provides its validity. The effect of arc furnace load on the power system is also studied through the proposed model.

An adaptive arc furnace model

This paper proposes a new method to model the harmonic generating characteristics of AC/DC converters. The model transforms the time domain nonlinear characteristic of the converter into a frequency domain linear admittance matrix. The matrix represents the coupling among the converter AC side harmonic voltages and currents accurately and it does not vary with the harmonic conditions of the system. The proposed model opens up a new way to conduct harmonic power flow studies. This paper presents the theoretical foundation and analytical derivation of the admittance model for both single-phase and three-phase bridge rectifiers. Potential applications of the model are discussed.

http://www.ece.ualberta.ca/~apic/papers/Power_Quality/PQ-2007-%20Harmonic%20Matrix%20Model%20for%20Converter.pdf

A Harmonically Coupled Admittance Matrix Model for AC/DC Converters

This paper presents a new frequency domain arc furnace model for iterative harmonic analysis by means of a Newton method. Powerful analytical expressions for harmonic currents and their derivatives are obtained under balanced conditions of the power system. The model offers a three-phase configuration where there is no path for homopolar currents. Moreover, it contemplates continuous and discontinuous evolution of the arc current. The solution obtained is validated by means of time domain simulations. Finally, the model was integrated in a harmonic power flow where studies have been performed in a network with more than 700 busbars and 7 actual arc furnace loads.

A new frequency domain arc furnace model for iterative harmonic analysis

In this paper, flicker magnitudes of rapidly varying loads are evaluated by means of a new frequency domain method. Analytical expressions of the instantaneous flicker sensation are obtained in terms of interharmonic voltages. The dynamic response of flicker magnitudes of such loads can be clearly described with this analysis, as well as the individual contribution of each interharmonic to the flicker sensation. The proposed method, applied to the voltages of DC and AC arc furnaces, provides very satisfactory results that have been validated with measurements performed with the standardized IEC flickermeter.

A new frequency domain approach for flicker evaluation of arc furnaces

In special applications, static VAr compensators (SVCs) with thyristor-controlled reactors (TCRs) are used to balance unbalanced loads or to eliminate voltage unbalances at the terminals of the SVC. In both cases, load balancing and voltage balancing, the TCR can present a significant unbalanced behavior which produces important quantities of noncharacteristic harmonics. In this paper, the formulation and solution of the load and voltage balancing problems are developed for harmonic power flows obtained from a combination of two blocks: (1) a conventional load flow (CLF) and (2) an iterative harmonic analysis (IHA). In both blocks, the treatment of load and voltage balancing is described in detail. Load flow (LF) calculations and harmonic analysis show the presence of noncharacteristic harmonics in these two situations.

Load and voltage balancing in harmonic power flows by means of static VAr compensators

In this paper, propagation in the network of flicker produced by rapidly varying loads is analyzed by means of a new frequency domain method. By this method, the flicker level can be determined at any bus of the network when one or several loads operate simultaneously. Flicker summation effect is considered and the results obtained are compared with the summation laws proposed by IEC. The propagation algorithm has been applied to the 14-buses IEEE network and to the Spanish transmission system. The method has been validated with measurements performed with the standardized IEC flickermeter.

J.G. Mayordomo

Papers

A Harmonically Coupled Admittance Matrix Model for AC/DC Converters

A new frequency domain arc furnace model for iterative harmonic analysis

A new frequency domain approach for flicker evaluation of arc furnaces

Load and voltage balancing in harmonic power flows by means of static VAr compensators

A method based on interharmonics for flicker propagation applied to arc furnaces