https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736(08)60074-4.pdf

Epidemiology and causes of preterm birth

These guidelines for the treatment of persons who have or are at risk for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) were updated by CDC after consultation with a group of professionals knowledgeable in the field of STDs who met in Atlanta on April 30-May 2, 2013. The information in this report updates the Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines, 2010 (MMWR Recomm Rep 2010;59 [No. RR-12]). These updated guidelines discuss 1) alternative treatment regimens for Neisseria gonorrhoeae; 2) the use of nucleic acid amplification tests for the diagnosis of trichomoniasis; 3) alternative treatment options for genital warts; 4) the role of Mycoplasma genitalium in urethritis/cervicitis and treatment-related implications; 5) updated HPV vaccine recommendations and counseling messages; 6) the management of persons who are transgender; 7) annual testing for hepatitis C in persons with HIV infection; 8) updated recommendations for diagnostic evaluation of urethritis; and 9) retesting to detect repeat infection. Physicians and other health-care providers can use these guidelines to assist in the prevention and treatment of STDs.

Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2015.

Дані рекомендації щодо лікування осіб, які мають або піддаються ризику захворювань, що передаються статевим шляхом (ЗПСШ), були оновлені Центрами з контролю і профілактики захворювань США після консультації з групою фахівців у сфері ЗПСШ, які зустрілися в Атланті навесні 2013 р. Це оновлена версія Керівництва з лікування ЗПСШ від 2010 р. В оновленій версії керівництва обговорюються: 1) альтернативні схеми лікування Neisseria gonorrhoeae; 2) застосування методів ампліфікації нуклеїнових кислот для діагностики трихомоніазу; 3) альтернативні способи лікування гострих кондилом; 4) роль Mycoplasma genitalium у розвитку уретритів/цервіцитів і наслідки, пов’язані з лікуванням; 5) оновлені рекомендації з консультування та вакцинації проти вірусу папіломи людини; 6) менеджмент пацієнтів-транссексуалів; 7) щорічне тестування на гепатит С осіб із ВІЛ-інфекцією; 8) оновлені рекомендації з діагностичної оцінки уретриту; 9) повторне тестування з метою виявлення нового інфікування. Дане керівництво можуть використовувати лікарі та інші медичні працівники для надання допомоги з профілактики та лікування ЗПСШ.

/pdf/sexually-transmitted-diseases-treatment-guidelines-2015-1ihirdgfbx.pdf

Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines (2015)

Background: This study was undertaken to characterize the vaginal microbiota throughout normal human pregnancy using sequence-based techniques. We compared the vaginal microbial composition of non-pregnant patients with a group of pregnant women who delivered at term. Results: A retrospective case–control longitudinal study was designed and included non-pregnant women (n = 32) and pregnant women who delivered at term (38 to 42 weeks) without complications (n = 22). Serial samples of vaginal fluid were collected from both non-pregnant and pregnant patients. A 16S rRNA gene sequence-based survey was conducted using pyrosequencing to characterize the structure and stability of the vaginal microbiota. Linear mixed effects models and generalized estimating equations were used to identify the phylotypes whose relative abundance was different between the two study groups. The vaginal microbiota of normal pregnant women was different from that of non-pregnant women (higher abundance of Lactobacillus vaginalis, L. crispatus, L. gasseri and L. jensenii and lower abundance of 22 other phylotypes in pregnant women). Bacterial community state type (CST) IV-B or CST IV-A characterized by high relative abundance of species of genus Atopobium as well as the presence of Prevotella, Sneathia, Gardnerella, Ruminococcaceae, Parvimonas, Mobiluncus and other taxa previously shown to be associated with bacterial vaginosis were less frequent in normal pregnancy. The stability of the vaginal microbiota of pregnant women was higher than that of non-pregnant women; however, during normal pregnancy, bacterial communities shift almost exclusively from one CST dominated by Lactobacillus spp. to another CST dominated by Lactobacillus spp. Conclusion: We report the first longitudinal study of the vaginal microbiota in normal pregnancy. Differences in the composition and stability of the microbial community between pregnant and non-pregnant women were observed. Lactobacillus spp. were the predominant members of the microbial community in normal pregnancy. These results can serve as the basis to study the relationship between the vaginal microbiome and adverse pregnancy outcomes.

/pdf/the-composition-and-stability-of-the-vaginal-microbiota-of-2ovue5t683.pdf

The composition and stability of the vaginal microbiota of normal pregnant women is different from that of non-pregnant women

Background:Accurate, updated estimates of the incidence and prevalence of sexually transmitted infections in the United States remain elusive. The most widely quoted number of new sexually transmitted disease (STD) cases each year is 12 million. However, this figure has not changed in more than a de

Estimates of the incidence and prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases in the United States. American Social Health Association Panel.

Background:Several studies have suggested that pregnant women infected withTrichomonas vaginalismay be at increased risk of an adverse outcome.Goal:To evaluate prospectively the association betweenT. vaginalisand risk of adverse pregnancy outcome in a large cohort of ethnically diverse women.Study D

J G Pastorek nd

Papers

Trichomonas vaginalis associated with low birth weight and preterm delivery. The Vaginal Infections and Prematurity Study Group.