The effect of nano-additives in diesel-biodiesel fuel blends: A comprehensive review on stability, engine performance and emission characteristics

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Refrigeration And Air Conditioning

An algal feedstock or biomass may contain a very high oil fraction, and thus could be used for the production of advanced biofuels via different conversion processes. Its major advantage apart from its large oil fraction is the ability to convert almost all the energy from the feedstock into different varieties of useful products. In the research to displace fossil fuels, algae feedstock has emerged as a suitable candidate not only because of its renewable and sustainable features but also for its economic credibility based on the potential to match up with the global demand for transportation fuels. Cultivating this feedstock is very easy and could be developed with little or even no supervision, with the aid of wastewater not suitable for human consumption while absorbing CO2 from the atmosphere. The overall potential for algae applications generally shows that this feedstock is still an untapped resource, and it could be of huge commercial benefits to the global economy at large because algae exist in millions compared to terrestrial plants. Algae applications are evident for everyday consumption via foods products, non-foods products, fuel, and energy. Biofuels derived from algae have no impact on the environment and the food supply unlike biofuels produced from crops. However, any cultivation method employed could control the operating cost and the technicalities involved, which will also influence the production rate and strain. The scope of this paper is to review the current status of algae as a potential feedstock with diverse benefit for the resolution of the global energy demand, and environmental pollution control of GHG.

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Algae biofuel: Current status and future applications

In the effect of robust industrialization and rapid augmentation of a number of fleets, there has been a huge rise in the fossil fuel consumption. Tremendous increase in global warming threatens the ecological balance of the earth. Based on the recent sorts of hardship about the fuel, researchers are profoundly pondered over the field of renewability, environmentally friendly and economically doable. In recent decades biodiesel fuel becomes the center of attraction among researchers since it is renewable, bio degradable, non-noxious, eco-friendly and sustainable. This review paper highlights and reviews the properties of prosperous variety of the biodiesel fuels derived from non-edible feedstocks which are termed as third generation biodiesel and its effects on the performance and emissions of the diesel engines. It was observed that the physicochemical properties of the biodiesel differ based on the types of feedstocks and also have a considerable effect on the potential performance of engine and dynamic characteristics of emission level. Also, the usage of biodiesel commonly leads to a reduction in noxious pollutants like carbon monoxide, unburnt hydrocarbon and particulate matter with an obvious increase in fuel consumption and NOx emission. This review provides a prospective strategy for the researchers for enhancing the engine performance and emission characteristics by using the third generation biofuels and its blends with the productive marvelous outcomes.

A review on the properties, performance and emission aspects of the third generation biodiesels

The field of nanofluids has received interesting attention since the concept of dispersing nanoscaled particles into a fluid was first introduced in the later part of the twentieth century This is evident from the increased number of studies related to nanofluids published annually The increasing attention on nanofluids is primarily due to their enhanced thermophysical properties and their ability to be incorporated into a wide range of thermal applications ranging from enhancing the effectiveness of heat exchangers used in industries to solar energy harvesting for renewable energy production Owing to the increasing number of studies relating to nanofluids, there is a need for a holistic review of the progress and steps taken in 2019 concerning their application in heat transfer devices This review takes a retrospective look at the year 2019 by reviewing the progress made in the area of nanofluids preparation and the applications of nanofluids in various heat transfer devices such as solar collectors, heat exchangers, refrigeration systems, radiators, thermal storage systems and electronic cooling This review aims to update readers on recent progress while also highlighting the challenges and future of nanofluids as the next-generation heat transfer fluids Finally, a conclusion on the merits and demerits of nanofluids is presented along with recommendations for future studies that would mobilise the rapid commercialisation of nanofluids

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An updated review of nanofluids in various heat transfer devices

Experimental investigation on effect of MgO nanoparticles on cold flow properties, performance, emission and combustion characteristics of waste cooking oil biodiesel

The present investigation is meant to research and look at influence of biodiesel–propanol and biodiesel–pentanol blends on emission characteristics of a diesel engine. Investigations were led on D...

Experimental investigation of emission characteristics on ricebran biodiesel–alcohol blends in a diesel engine

Process optimization for biodiesel production from sheep skin and its performance, emission and combustion characterization in CI engine

Petroleum energy sources are about to diminution and polluting environment. Biodiesel is one of the sources that can assume an important energy source for future, particularly in automotive industr...

Production, properties and engine characteristics of Jatropha biodiesel – a review

Vegetable oils are now considered to be a potential alternative that can be used in place of partial or total substitution of diesel fuels. In this study, we used Di-ethyl ether as an oxygenated additive to investigate the possible use of higher percentages of biodiesel in an unmodified diesel engine. Neem oil was selected for biodiesel production. The tests were performed at a steady-state condition in a single-cylinder constant speed DI diesel engine. The combustion process involved in diesel engine would be improved and the particulate matter would be reduced if these biodiesels are blended. An experimental investigation is carried out to establish the emission characteristics of a direct injection diesel engine using Di-ethyl ether as additive in Neat Neem oil Biodiesel.Emissions of hydro carbon oxides of nitrogen and carbon monoxide significantly reduced by adding Di-ethyl ether into neem oil biodiesel at 10 and 20% on volume basis.

J. Jayaprabakar

Papers

Experimental investigation on effect of MgO nanoparticles on cold flow properties, performance, emission and combustion characteristics of waste cooking oil biodiesel

Experimental investigation of emission characteristics on ricebran biodiesel–alcohol blends in a diesel engine

Process optimization for biodiesel production from sheep skin and its performance, emission and combustion characterization in CI engine

Production, properties and engine characteristics of Jatropha biodiesel – a review

Effect of diethyl ether blended with neem oil methyl esters in CI engine