Energy and environmental issues in desalination

A numerical model and experimental verification for analysing a new vacuum spray flash desalinator utilising low grade energy

Experimental and mathematical investigations of spray angle and droplet sizes of a flash evaporation desalination system

Thermodynamic analysis of siphon flash evaporation desalination system using ocean thermal energy

Simple-jet mode electrosprays with water. Description, characterization and application in a single effect evaporation chamber

Low temperature flash vaporization for desalination

The selection of the appropriate desalination technology between evaporation and reverse osmosis is grounded on several factors, including investment cost, maintenance cost, degree of availability, heaviness of the duty, and the required purity of the desalinated water. The main factor is often the running cost of the plant, and specifically the cost of the consumed energy. This paper intends to demonstrate that the real value of the steam bleed is a function of several factors, mainly of the cost of fuel and of its importance in the total cost of the energy. The lower the cost of fuel, the less is the value of the steam bleed up to the extent that the cost of the energy consumption can be lower for evaporation than for reverse osmosis.

Energy cost for desalination evaporation versus reverse osmosis

Design and performance evaluation of swirl injectors for water evaporation at low pressure

A new spray-type flash evaporator is suggested for the application of saline water desalination. The flash evaporator is 1000 mm in height and 1200 mm in diameter, with a water injection arrangement inside. The evaporator design is based on experiments conducted at vacuum pressures between 10 and 18 mm of Hg, and at saline feed water temperatures between 26?C and 32?C. The saline water is injected into a vapouriser through a pair of high-flow swirl injectors with a nominal flow rate of 1.5 litre/sec. per jet and the distance between the injectors is taken as 200 mm for design. The influence of the different thermal, hydrodynamic and geometric parameters on the evaporator performances was investigated. The results obtained are presented, which prove the validity of the proposed system.

J. Justin Robert Paden

Papers

Low temperature flash vaporization for desalination

Energy cost for desalination evaporation versus reverse osmosis

Design and performance evaluation of swirl injectors for water evaporation at low pressure

Spray flash evaporator for low-temperature saline water desalination application