Showing papers in "Desalination in 2005"

TL;DR: In this paper, a forward (direct) osmosis (FO) desalination process is presented, which uses an ammonium bicarbonate draw solution to extract water from a saline feed water across a semi-permeable polymeric membrane.

TL;DR: In this article, an assessment of membrane distillation (MD) based on the available state-of-the art and on preliminary analysis is presented. But the results of this study are limited, and better experimental work is needed.

TL;DR: A review of previous and current literature on rice husk activated carbons in removing heavy metals and dyes, their preparation or treatment and isotherms studies were complied to provide a summary of available information on Rice husk and its potential as a low-cost sorbent.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated the performance of an industrial-type capacitated deionization technology (CDT) module for brackish water desalination and concluded from test results and an associated cost evaluation that CDT could be an alternative desaline technology in the near future.

TL;DR: An overview of the status of membrane processes in wastewater reclamation and reuse world-wide and depict their potential role in promoting more sustainable water use patterns is provided in this paper, where two types of systems have been built, a centralised type of treatment with dual membrane processes, including microfiltration (MF) and reverse osmosis (RO), and small scale systems using membrane bioreactors.

TL;DR: In this paper, the copper adsorption by means of sawdust obtained as by-product from locally used wood was investigated and the results tend to explain the retention mechanism as an ion exchange process for binding the divalent metal ions to the sawdust.

TL;DR: In this article, the adsorption and degradation phenomena involved in the photocatalytic degradation of Methyl Orange (MeO) were investigated using a batch reactor and artificial UV-light.

TL;DR: In this article, an overview of geochemistry, distribution, sources, regulations, acute and chronic symptoms, and applications of membrane technologies in the water treatment research that have already been realized or that are suggested on the basis of bench or lab scale research.

TL;DR: In this article, the ability of submerged MBRs to remove pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) was examined at an existing municipal wastewater treatment facility, and the performance of the MBRs was compared with that of the conventional activated sludge (CAS) process.

TL;DR: In this paper, a numerical concentration polarization model was developed to enable local description of permeate flux and solute rejection in cross-flow reverse osmosis separations, and predictions of channel averaged water flux and salt rejection by the developed numerical model, the classical film theory model, and a recently proposed analytical model were compared to well-controlled laboratory scale experimental data.

TL;DR: In this paper, the feasibility of applying reverse osmosis (RO) membrane separation to reduce fluoride load to less than 1 kg/d was investigated, and the design parameters of a small RO separation unit were estimated.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of coupling a flat plate solar collector with a single slope solar still has been investigated and it has been found that coupling of a solar collectors with a still has increased the productivity by 36% while the increase of water depth has decreased the productivity.

TL;DR: In this article, the theory of ultrasound-induced effects, apparatuses used in ultrasound-aided membrane filtration, effects of different process parameters on flux and effects of ultrasound irradiation on membranes.

TL;DR: In this paper, dead end unstirred filtration of sodium alginate, a model polysaccharide, was carried out and analyzed using classic pore blockage and cake formation model, and it was found that the cake model appears to fit the entire range of the ultrafiltration data while the standard pore blocking model and cake model are more applicable to microfiltration membranes.

TL;DR: In this article, a basin-type solar still and a conventional flat-plate collector were connected together in order to study the effect of augmentation on the still under local conditions, where the still inlet was connected to a locally made, fin-tube collector such that its outlet was fed to the still basin instead of the common storage tank.

TL;DR: In this paper, the applicability of alkaline reagents such as Ca(OH)2 (lime) and NaOH (caustic soda) in removing copper and chromium ions were evaluated.

TL;DR: In this paper, an attempt has been made to find out the convective heat transfer coefficient for active solar distillation system, where experiments have been conducted for 24 hours during winter months for different water depths in the basin (0.05, 0.1 and 0.15 m).

TL;DR: The low temperature horizontal tube multi-effect desalination (MED) process is thermodynamically the most efficient of all thermal distillation processes as discussed by the authors, and it also allows the successful and most economical use of aluminum alloys for heat transfer tubes, as well as carbon steel epoxy coated shells for the evaporator body.

TL;DR: In this article, a batch test was carried out to determine the potential and the effectiveness of granular activated carbon (GAC) in removal of ferrous and manganese from water.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyse the environmental problems of seawater reverse osmosis desalination plants, focusing on some case studies located in Canary Islands, and describing the major impacts identified.

TL;DR: In this article, the state-of-the-art of simple and fully integrated hybrid desalination systems is reviewed, which are characterized by flexibility in operation, less specific energy consumption, low construction cost, high plant availability and better power and water matching.

TL;DR: In this paper, a short survey is focused on reported evidences of membrane fouling under sub-critical conditions and examines possible links between operational paramenters, mixed liquor characteristics and fouling propensity.

TL;DR: In this article, the effects of pH, ionic strength, and divalent ion on fouling were studied with a 0.22-μm PVDF flat-sheet membrane in a direct contact membrane distillation unit.

TL;DR: In this paper, the ESNA 1 membrane from the Nitto Denko Corporation of Japan is made of aromatic polyamide, which provides salt rejection from 50% to 90% in aqueous solutions of five chlorides (NH 4 Cl, NaCl, KCl, MgCl 2 and CaCl 2 ), three nitrates (NaNO 3, Mg(NO 3 ) 2, Na 2 SO 4, Na 4 SO 4 and MgSO 4 ) were carried out.

TL;DR: In this article, the results of the laboratory-scale membrane experiments of textile industry effluents previously biologically treated by activated sludge were evaluated for permeate flux and their suitability in separating COD, colour, conductivity, Total dissolved salts (TDS) and turbidity.

TL;DR: In this paper, an anionic azo dye was degraded under UV irradiation using both untreated TiO2 and Ag+ doped TiO 2 to examine the extent of mineralization of the dye.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed the use of UF membrane technology to produce high quality pretreated feedwater for Reverse Osmosis (RO) desalination plants, which allows them to operate on a continuous basis, at high and stable fluxes, at higher recovery rates, and also allow a better control of Boron limit values.

TL;DR: In this article, the impact of reject brine chemical composition and disposal from inland desalination plants on soil and groundwater in the eastern region of Abu Dhabi Emirate, namely Al Wagan, Al Quaa and Um Al Zumool, was evaluated.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an analysis and compares some past examples with most recent installations both in terms of technical requirements and installation costs of multistage flash desalination plants.

TL;DR: In this article, carbon dioxide plasmas were used to modify hydrophobic polysulfone ultrafiltration membranes to create hydrophilic surfaces throughout the membrane structure, and water flux recovery measured after protein fouling was significantly higher than that for control membranes, with nearly 100% recovery after gentle cleaning in water.