J
J. M. Hales
Researcher at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Publications - 4
Citations - 3840
J. M. Hales is an academic researcher from Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. The author has contributed to research in topics: Radiative forcing & Global warming. The author has an hindex of 4, co-authored 4 publications receiving 3632 citations.
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Journal ArticleDOI
Climate Forcing by Anthropogenic Aerosols
Robert J. Charlson,Stephen E. Schwartz,J. M. Hales,Robert D. Cess,James A. Coakley,James Hansen,D. J. Hofmann +6 more
TL;DR: The aerosol forcing has likely offset global greenhouse warming to a substantial degree, however, differences in geographical and seasonal distributions of these forcings preclude any simple compensation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Quantifying and minimizing uncertainty of climate forcing by anthropogenic aerosols
Joyce E. Penner,Robert J. Charlson,J. M. Hales,Nels S. Laulainen,R. Leifer,T. Novakov,John A. Ogren,L. F. Radke,Stephen E. Schwartz,Larry D. Travis +9 more
TL;DR: In this article, a research strategy for improving the estimates of the clear sky forcing is defined, which encompasses five major, and necessarily coordinated, activities: surface-based observations of aerosol chemical and physical properties and their influence on the radiation field; aircraft-based measurements of the same properties; process studies to refine model treatments; satellite observations of the aerosol abundance and size distribution; and modeling studies to demonstrate consistency between the observations, to provide guidance for determination of the most important parameters.
Journal ArticleDOI
Response : Aerosols and Global Warming
Robert J. Charlson,Stephen E. Schwartz,J. M. Hales,Robert D. Cess,James A. Coakley,James Hansen,D. J. Hofmann +6 more