Extraction of organic compounds with room temperature ionic liquids.

Recent advances in supported liquid membrane technology

Recent advances in supported ionic liquid membrane technology

Biodiesel, which could be derived from plant oils and animal fats, is considered as a promising substitute for petroleum diesel fuel because of its advantages, such as renewability, biodegradability, less environmental toxicity, and superior combustion efficiency. The feedstock used for biodiesel production primarily include edible oils, non-edible oils, waste oils, and animal fats. Consistent scientific investigations are performed to locate innovative oil resources and minimize the utilization of expensive food-grade oils for biodiesel production. The extensive research information is available on the determination of physico-chemical properties of different plant oils. This review will present a general information related to the existing varieties of oil feedstocks, their lipid content, and fatty acid composition. This article further discusses different methods employed to enable the usage of plant oils as biofuel, such as its direct use, blending, thermal cracking, microemulsion, and alcoholysis process. Among the possible methodologies for biodiesel production, alcoholysis process, in the presence or absence of a catalytic material, have been frequently employed. The benefits and limitations of using homogeneous, heterogeneous, enzyme catalysts, and supercritical method for the alcoholysis process are comprehensively discussed. In the current article, efforts have been made to review the recent inventions in homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic materials utilized for biodiesel production. The present study shall provide a tool for the selection of an optimal catalyst for a large-scale biodiesel production.

A review on recent advancement in catalytic materials for biodiesel production.

The development of engineering applications with ionic liquids stretches back to the mid-1990s when the first examples of continuous catalytic processes using ionic liquids and the first studies of ionic liquid-based extractions were published. Ever since, the use of ionic liquids has seen tremendous progress in many fields of chemistry and engineering, and the first commercial applications have been reported. The main driver for ionic liquid engineering applications is to make practical use of their unique property profiles, which are the result of a complex interplay of coulombic, hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions. Remarkably, many ionic liquid properties can be tuned in a wide range by structural modifications at their cation and anion. This review highlights specific examples of ionic liquid applications in catalysis and in separation technologies. Additionally, the application of ionic liquids as working fluids in process machines is introduced.

Ionic Liquids in Chemical Engineering

Recovery of phenol from aqueous solutions using hollow fibre contactors

Mass transfer correlations in membrane extraction: Analysis of Wilson-plot methodology

Liquid membranes using ionic liquids: the influence of water on solute transport

A comparative study of reverse osmosis and freeze concentration for the removal of valeric acid from wastewaters

This paper deals with transesterification of soybean oil with ethanol in the presence of Novozym 435 (lipase from Candida antarctica) catalyst. 1H NMR was employed to monitor the conversion of soybean oil to fatty acid ethyl esters in a solvent-free medium. Reaction conditions such as enzyme/substrate ratio, temperature and alcohol to oil molar ratio were studied and the highest yields were found at 5 g of enzyme per 100 g of oil, 37 °C, and 3:1 respectively. Stepwise addition of ethanol was also performed, and compared with that of methanol, in order to assess the reduction of inhibition that this method causes on the enzymatic activity.

J.R. Alvarez

Papers

Recovery of phenol from aqueous solutions using hollow fibre contactors

Mass transfer correlations in membrane extraction: Analysis of Wilson-plot methodology

Liquid membranes using ionic liquids: the influence of water on solute transport

A comparative study of reverse osmosis and freeze concentration for the removal of valeric acid from wastewaters

Novozym 435-catalyzed synthesis of fatty acid ethyl esters from soybean oil for biodiesel production