Prospective Cohort Study

In order to stimulate further adaptation toward specific training goals, progressive resistance training (RT) protocols are necessary The optimal characteristics of strength-specific programs include the use of concentric (CON), eccentric (ECC), and isometric muscle actions and the performance of bilateral and unilateral single- and multiple-joint exercises In addition, it is recommended that strength programs sequence exercises to optimize the preservation of exercise intensity (large before small muscle group exercises, multiple-joint exercises before single-joint exercises, and higher-intensity before lower-intensity exercises) For novice (untrained individuals with no RT experience or who have not trained for several years) training, it is recommended that loads correspond to a repetition range of an 8-12 repetition maximum (RM) For intermediate (individuals with approximately 6 months of consistent RT experience) to advanced (individuals with years of RT experience) training, it is recommended that individuals use a wider loading range from 1 to 12 RM in a periodized fashion with eventual emphasis on heavy loading (1-6 RM) using 3- to 5-min rest periods between sets performed at a moderate contraction velocity (1-2 s CON; 1-2 s ECC) When training at a specific RM load, it is recommended that 2-10% increase in load be applied when the individual can perform the current workload for one to two repetitions over the desired number The recommendation for training frequency is 2-3 d·wk -1 for novice training, 3-4 d·wk -1 for intermediate training, and 4-5 d·wk -1 for advanced training Similar program designs are recommended for hypertrophy training with respect to exercise selection and frequency For loading, it is recommended that loads corresponding to 1-12 RM be used in periodized fashion with emphasis on the 6-12 RM zone using 1- to 2-min rest periods between sets at a moderate velocity Higher volume, multiple-set programs are recommended for maximizing hypertrophy Progression in power training entails two general loading strategies: 1) strength training and 2) use of light loads (0-60% of 1 RM for lower body exercises; 30-60% of 1 RM for upper body exercises) performed at a fast contraction velocity with 3-5 min of rest between sets for multiple sets per exercise (three to five sets) It is also recommended that emphasis be placed on multiple-joint exercises especially those involving the total body For local muscular endurance training, it is recommended that light to moderate loads (40-60% of 1 RM) be performed for high repetitions (>15) using short rest periods (<90 s) In the interpretation of this position stand as with prior ones, recommendations should be applied in context and should be contingent upon an individual's target goals, physical capacity, and training status

/pdf/progression-models-in-resistance-training-for-healthy-adults-1vkvqzcu18.pdf

Progression Models in Resistance Training for Healthy Adults

Noise — random disturbances of signals — poses a fundamental problem for information processing and affects all aspects of nervous-system function. However, the nature, amount and impact of noise in the nervous system have only recently been addressed in a quantitative manner. Experimental and computational methods have shown that multiple noise sources contribute to cellular and behavioural trial-to-trial variability. We review the sources of noise in the nervous system, from the molecular to the behavioural level, and show how noise contributes to trial-to-trial variability. We highlight how noise affects neuronal networks and the principles the nervous system applies to counter detrimental effects of noise, and briefly discuss noise's potential benefits.

/pdf/noise-in-the-nervous-system-22k10mncs2.pdf

Noise in the nervous system.

羟氨苄青霉素引起大疱性类天疱疮样疹

Mini Mental State

Corrigendum to “Evidence for a role of antagonistic cocontraction in controlling trunk stiffness during lifting”

https://repository.tudelft.nl/islandora/object/uuid%3Ae9d7cfae-1ab2-4bae-854c-d466206ac655/datastream/OBJ/download

Fear of movement is not associated with trunk movement variability during gait in patients with low-back pain.

Background: The availability of instrumented treadmills that can apply unexpected perturbations during walking has made gait perturbation training more popular in clinical practice. To quantify and monitor balance recovery while training, easy to use measures are needed and may be based on integrated force plate data. Therefore, we aimed to quantify and evaluate different implementations of the recovery performance measure based on center of pressure data. Methods: Recovery performance was calculated based on differences in center of pressure trajectories between unperturbed walking and balance recovery after a perturbation. Five methodological choices leading to 36 different implementations were evaluated. Test-retest reliability, effect sizes, and concurrent validity were evaluated against trunk velocity measures. Results: Differences in measures of (dis-)similarity, time normalization and reference data affected reliability, sensitivity and validity and none of the performance measure implementations based on center of pressure trajectories was superior on all criteria. Measures assessing perturbation effects on trunk velocities provided more reliable and sensitive recovery outcomes. Discussion: Different implementations of the recovery performance measure can be chosen dependent on constraints imposed in the clinical setting. Conclusion: Quantifying recovery performance based on center of pressure data is possible and may be suitable to monitor improvement in recovery performance after gait perturbations in specific clinical setups. Validity of performance measures in general requires further attention.

/pdf/development-of-a-balance-recovery-performance-measure-for-18wbfpxjqt.pdf

Development of a Balance Recovery Performance Measure for Gait Perturbation Training Based on the Center of Pressure.

Finite Element Aided Tracking of Signal Intensity Changes in Deforming Intervertebral Disc Tissue

https://research.vu.nl/ws/files/121653304/Betweenday_reliability_of_IMUderived_spine_control_metrics_in_patients_with_low_back_pain.pdf

Jaap H. van Dieën

Papers

Corrigendum to “Evidence for a role of antagonistic cocontraction in controlling trunk stiffness during lifting”

Fear of movement is not associated with trunk movement variability during gait in patients with low-back pain.

Development of a Balance Recovery Performance Measure for Gait Perturbation Training Based on the Center of Pressure.

Finite Element Aided Tracking of Signal Intensity Changes in Deforming Intervertebral Disc Tissue

Between-day reliability of IMU-derived spine control metrics in patients with low back pain