Publisher Summary This chapter describes the premetamorphic actions and general consideration of cellular and molecular actions of juvenile hormone (JH). The chapter focuses on the biological role of JH and of the prevailing concepts of the modes of actions of hormones. It also concentrates on the premetamorphic actions of JH and the present understanding of the molecular basis of this action. Juvenile hormone (JH) has been known to be critical for the regulation of both metamorphosis and reproduction in insects. JH has been isolated and chemically identified as a sesquiterpenoid. The biological effects of various JHAs are remarkably similar to those of the natural JHs, allowance being made for differences in effective dose and stability. Extraction of JH from a natural source suggests the use of this hormone as a pesticide, as it can be absorbed through an insect's cuticle and prevent normal development, and would presumably be refractory to development of resistance.

Cellular and Molecular Actions of Juvenile Hormone I. General Considerations and Premetamorphic Actions

Acid mine drainage (AMD) or acid rock drainage (ARD) is considered as one of the main pollutants of water in many countries that have historic or current mining activities. Its generation, release, mobility, and attenuation involves complex processes governed by a combination of physical, chemical, and biological factors. In general, AMD is produced by the oxidative dissolution of sulphide minerals. This paper reviews the current state-of-the-art of AMD. It critically analyses the work performed in recent years on its occurrence, effects (on human health, plant life and aquatic species), and summarizes the remediation approaches taken so far to overcome the problem of AMD. The challenges faced in tackling the remediation of AMD have also been considered. Commercially developed projects that are either in operation, being piloted or under evaluation have also been discussed. Finally, the paper speculates on future directions or opportunities that deserve exploration.

Acid mine drainage: Challenges and opportunities

An overview of the recovery of acid from spent acidic solutions from steel and electroplating industries.

Electrodialysis with bipolar membranes (EDBM) is a kind of technology that integrates solvent and salt dissociation. It can realize salt conversion without second salt pollution or provide H+ and OH-/alkoxide ions in situ without salt introduction. Thus, it inherently possesses economical and environmental benefits. Moreover, its technological compatibility gives rise to new functions when it couples with other technologies, such as complexion, ion exchange, extraction, and adsorption. In view of the above peculiarities, EDBM has found many interesting applications in chemistry, food processing, biochemical industries, and environmental protection. However, its development has been restricted by such factors as lack of recognition of its contribution to industrial ecology, high membrane cost, insufficient research investment, and scarce operation experience. This paper compiles an introduction to this technology from the perspective of industrial ecology and conducts an extensive examination into EDBM app...

Electrodialysis with bipolar membranes for sustainable development.

Jacek Wiśniewski

Papers

Removal of troublesome anions from water by means of Donnan dialysis

Water and acid recovery from the rinse after metal etching operations

Application of bipolar electrodialysis to the recovery of acids and bases from water solutions

Age dependent changes in the binding and hydrolysis of juvenile hormone in the haemolymph of last instar larvae of Galleria mellonella

Donnan dialysis for hardness removal from water before electrodialytic desalination