http://nuclear.korea.ac.kr/~bhong/class/WhitePaper_PHENIX_RUN1-3.pdf

Formation of dense partonic matter in relativistic nucleus–nucleus collisions at RHIC: Experimental evaluation by the PHENIX Collaboration

This White Paper presents the science case of an Electron-Ion Collider (EIC), focused on the structure and interactions of gluon-dominated matter, with the intent to articulate it to the broader nuclear science community. It was commissioned by the managements of Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) and Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab) with the objective of presenting a summary of scientific opportunities and goals of the EIC as a follow-up to the 2007 NSAC Long Range plan. This document is a culmination of a community-wide effort in nuclear science following a series of workshops on EIC physics over the past decades and, in particular, the focused ten-week program on “Gluons and quark sea at high energies” at the Institute for Nuclear Theory in Fall 2010. It contains a brief description of a few golden physics measurements along with accelerator and detector concepts required to achieve them. It has been benefited profoundly from inputs by the users’ communities of BNL and JLab. This White Paper offers the promise to propel the QCD science program in the US, established with the CEBAF accelerator at JLab and the RHIC collider at BNL, to the next QCD frontier.

/pdf/electron-ion-collider-the-next-qcd-frontier-understanding-jgxuurgr4t.pdf

Electron-Ion Collider: The next QCD frontier: Understanding the glue that binds us all

Generalized parton distributions

Unraveling hadron structure with generalized parton distributions

A detailed model for hadronic events is presented, with particular emphasis put on the event structure at low transverse momenta, i.e., ``beam jets'' and ``minijets.'' Specifically, we argue that hadronic events contain a varying number of semihard parton-parton interactions, with an average interaction rate given by perturbative QCD, and the variation between different events given by Poissonian statistics for each impact parameter separately. Comparisons with data are presented for a number of properties, such as multiplicity distributions, forward-backward correlations, minijet phenomenology, and the ``pedestal effect.'' Also, predictions for the behavior at higher energies are included.

A multiple-interaction model for the event structure in hadron collisions

▪ Abstract Colliding beams of 70% polarized protons at up to GeV, with high luminosity, L = 2 × 1032 cm−2 sec−1, will represent a new and unique laboratory for studying the proton. RHIC-Spin will be the first polarized-proton collider and will be capable of copious production of jets, directly produced photons, and W and Z bosons. Features will include direct and precise measurements of the polarization of the gluons and of , u, and d quarks in a polarized proton. Parity violation searches for physics beyond the standard model will be competitive with unpolarized searches at the Fermilab Tevatron. Transverse spin will explore transversity for the first time, as well as quark-gluon correlations in the proton. Spin dependence of the total cross section and in the Coulomb nuclear interference region will be measured at collider energies for the first time. These qualitatively new measurements can be expected to deepen our understanding of the structure of matter and of the strong interaction.

Prospects for spin physics at rhic

A global next-to-leading order QCD analysis of unpolarized and polarized deep-inelastic scattering data is performed with parton distributions constructed in a statistical physical picture of the nucleon The chiral properties of QCD lead to strong relations between quarks and antiquarks distributions and the importance of the Pauli exclusion principle is also emphasized We obtain a good description, in a broad range of x and $Q^2$
 , of all measured structure functions in terms of very few free parameters We stress the fact that at RHIC-BNL the ratio of the unpolarized cross sections for the production of $W^+$
 and $W^-$
 in $pp$
 collisions will directly probe the behavior of the $\bar d(x) / \bar u(x)$
 ratio for $x \geq 02$
 , a definite and important test for the statistical model Finally, we give specific predictions for various helicity asymmetries for the $W^\pm, Z$
 production in pp collisions at high energies, which will be measured with forthcoming experiments at RHIC-BNL and which are sensitive tests of the statistical model for $\Delta \bar u(x)$
 and $\Delta \bar d(x)$
 

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00127147/document

A Statistical Approach for Polarized Parton Distributions

http://cds.cern.ch/record/151884/files/198406088.pdf

Impact-picture expectations for very high-energy elastic pp and pp scattering

We present an extension to $\pi^{\pm} p$ and $K^{\pm} p$ elastic scattering at high energies of the impact-picture phenomenology we first proposed more than twenty years ago, for p p and $\bar p p$ elastic scattering. We show, in particular, that the analytic form of the opacity function for the proton obtained previously is compatible with the experimental results on $\pi p$ and K p elastic s cattering at high energies. It is proposed that $\pi^{\pm}$ and $K^{\pm}$ external beams be provided from CERN-LHC, so that their elastic scattering from protons can be studied at higher energies. Our phenomenology for p p and $\bar p p$ elastic scattering is updated by including new data and we give predictions for future experiments at BNL-RHIC and CERN-LHC.

Impact-picture phenomenology for $\pi^{\pm}p, K^{\pm}p$ and $pp, \bar p p $ elastic scattering at high energies

We improve significantly the impact picture that was used several years ago to predict the increase of total and integrated differential cross sections at high energies. The major improvements consist of the following: (1) The dependence of the Pomeron term on the momentum transfer is taken from a modified version of the relation between matter distribution and charge distribution, (2) Regge backgrounds are properly taken into account, and (3) a simple nontrivial form is used for the hadronic-matter current in the proton. For proton-proton elastic scattering, the phenomenological differential cross section is in good agreement with the experimental data in the laboratory momentum range of 14 to 2000 GeV/c, and is predicted for ISABELLE energy. Because of the third improvement, predictions are obtained for both polarization and $R$ parameters for proton-proton elastic scattering.

Jacques Soffer

Papers

Prospects for spin physics at rhic

A Statistical Approach for Polarized Parton Distributions

Impact-picture expectations for very high-energy elastic pp and pp scattering

Impact-picture phenomenology for $\pi^{\pm}p, K^{\pm}p$ and $pp, \bar p p $ elastic scattering at high energies

New impact picture for low- and high-energy proton-proton elastic scattering