THE DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTS. By Oscar Kempthorne. New York, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1952. 631 pp. $8.50. This book by a teacher of statistics (as well as a consultant for \"experimenters\") is a comprehensive study of the philosophical background for the statistical design of experiment. It is necessary to have some facility with algebraic notation and manipulation to be able to use the volume intelligently. The problems are presented from the theoretical point of view, without such practical examples as would be helpful for those not acquainted with mathematics. The mathematical justification for the techniques is given. As a somewhat advanced treatment of the design and analysis of experiments, this volume will be interesting and helpful for many who approach statistics theoretically as well as practically. With emphasis on the \"why,\" and with description given broadly, the author relates the subject matter to the general theory of statistics and to the general problem of experimental inference. MARGARET J. ROBERTSON

The Design and Analysis of Experiments

Space Vehicle Dynamics and Control, Second Edition

Solar sail technology—A state of the art review

Reduced scale models based on similitude theory: A review up to 2015

The response surface (RS) method based on radial basis functions (RBFs) is proposed to model the input–output system of large-scale structures for model updating in this article. As a methodology study, the complicated implicit relationships between the design parameters and response characteristics of cable-stayed bridges are employed in the construction of an RS. The key issues for application of the proposed method are discussed, such as selecting the optimal shape parameters of RBFs, generating samples by using design of experiments, and evaluating the RS model. The RS methods based on RBFs of Gaussian, inverse quadratic, multiquadric, and inverse multiquadric are investigated. Meanwhile, the commonly used RS method based on polynomial function is also performed for comparison. The approximation accuracy of the RS methods is evaluated by multiple correlation coefficients and root mean squared errors. The antinoise ability of the proposed RS methods is also discussed. Results demonstrate that RS methods based on RBFs have high approximation accuracy and exhibit better performance than the RS method based on polynomial function. The proposed method is illustrated by model updating on a cable-stayed bridge model. Simulation study shows that the updated results have high accuracy, and the model updating based on experimental data can achieve reasonable physical explanations. It is demonstrated that the proposed approach is valid for model updating of large and complicated structures such as long-span cable-stayed bridges.

Response Surface Method Based on Radial Basis Functions for Modeling Large-Scale Structures in Model Updating

The NASA In-Space Propulsion (ISP) program has been sponsoring system design development and hardware demonstration activities of solar sail technology over the past 16 months. Efforts to validate by test a moderate-scale (10-m) 1/4 symmetry ground demonstration sail system are nearly complete. Results of testing and analytical model validation of component and assembly functional, strength, stiffness, shape, and dynamic behavior are discussed.

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Demonstration of a 10-m Solar Sail System

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Demonstration of a 20-m Solar Sail System

§** This paper focuses on the development of modal test techniques for validation of a solar sail gossamer space structure design. The major focus is on validating and comparing the capabilities of various excitation techniques for modal testing solar sail components. One triangular shaped quadrant of a solar sail membrane was tested in a 1 Torr vacuum environment using various excitation techniques including, magnetic excitation, and surfacebonded piezoelectric patch actuators. Results from modal tests performed on the sail using piezoelectric patches at different positions are discussed. The excitation methods were evaluated for their applicability to in-vacuum ground testing and to the development of onorbit flight test techniques. The solar sail membrane was tested in the horizontal configuration at various tension levels to assess the variation in frequency with tension in a vacuum environment. A segment of a solar sail mast prototype was also tested in ambient atmospheric conditions using various excitation techniques, and these methods are also assessed for their ground test capabilities and on-orbit flight testing.

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Development of Modal Test Techniques for Validation of a Solar Sail Design

This paper describes finite element analyses and correlation studies to predict deformations and vibration modes/frequencies of a 10-meter quadrant solar sail system. Thin film membranes and booms were analyzed at the component and system-level. The objective was to verify the design and structural responses of the sail system and to mature solar sail technology to a TRL 5. The focus of this paper is in test/analysis correlation.

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Dynamic and Static Shape Test/Analysis Correlation of a 10 Meter Quadrant Solar Sail

Ares I-X is a pathfinder vehicle concept under development by NASA to demonstrate a new class of launch vehicles. Although this vehicle is essentially a shell of what the Ares I vehicle will be, efforts are underway to model and calibrate the analytical models before its maiden flight. Work reported in this document will summarize the model calibration approach used including uncertainty quantification of vehicle responses and the use of nonconventional boundary conditions during component testing. Since finite element modeling is the primary modeling tool, the calibration process uses these models, often developed by different groups, to assess model deficiencies and to update parameters to reconcile test with predictions. Data for two major component tests and the flight vehicle are presented along with the calibration results. For calibration, sensitivity analysis is conducted using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). To reduce the computational burden associated with ANOVA calculations, response surface models are used in lieu of computationally intensive finite element solutions. From the sensitivity studies, parameter importance is assessed as a function of frequency. In addition, the work presents an approach to evaluate the probability that a parameter set exists to reconcile test with analysis. Comparisons of pre-test predictions of frequency response uncertainty bounds with measured data, results from the variancebased sensitivity analysis, and results from component test models with calibrated boundary stiffness models are all presented.

/pdf/finite-element-model-calibration-approach-for-ares-i-x-3jzu3t5lbs.pdf

James L. Gaspar

Papers

Demonstration of a 10-m Solar Sail System

Demonstration of a 20-m Solar Sail System

Development of Modal Test Techniques for Validation of a Solar Sail Design

Dynamic and Static Shape Test/Analysis Correlation of a 10 Meter Quadrant Solar Sail

Finite Element Model Calibration Approach for Ares I-X