Showing papers by "James N. Galloway published in 1978"
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present results of experiments on the collection efficiency of collectors, preservation of samples, monthly variation of wet and dry deposition, sample storage, length of sampling period, choice of collector location and sources of variability in precipitation data.
Abstract: This paper is one of a series of publications on the collection and chemical analysis of precipitation. While the first paper presented the results from an intercalibration of 10 different designs of precipitation collectors (Galloway and Likens, 1976), this paper presents results of experiments on the collection efficiency of collectors, preservation of samples, monthly variation of wet and dry deposition, sample storage, length of sampling period, choice of collector location and sources of variability in precipitation data. The primary conclusions are that dry fallout should usually be excluded from rain and snow samples, sampling should be on an event basis, all biocides tested have some detrimental effect on sample composition, and that the major sources of variability in precipitation data are due to sampling errors and choice of collector location. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1978.tb00819.x
188 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of changes in precipitation quality on the productivity and stability of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems are discussed, as well as the range of beneficial and injurious ecological effects of perturbations in atmospheric deposition.
Abstract: Precipitation is one of the most important factors determining the nature and productivity of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Detailed historical and contemporary records are available indicating the amount of water deposited at thousands of locations throughout the world. Comparatively, however, knowledge of the changing chemistry of precipitation has developed only recently and is still very fragmentary. Our present ignorance of the total impact of changes in precipitation quality on the productivity and stability of ecosystems is especially profound. This paper has a fourfold purpose: (1) to describe the myriad of trace chemical constituents transferred from the atmosphere into the biosphere of the earth; (2) to define the range of beneficial and injurious ecological effects of perturbations in atmospheric deposition; (3) to explain the concepts of sensitive areas, life stages, and life forms; and (4) to describe briefly plans for a National Deposition Network and associated research on the terrest...
88 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used the ARL trajectory model and meteorological maps to identify sources of acid precipitation in Ithaca, New York, and found that acid precipitation (pH < 5.6) came predominantly from the SW sector.
Abstract: Precipitation chemistry data collected on an event basis at Ithaca, New York, were interpreted using the ARL trajectory model and meteorological maps. Forty-five events were separated according to trajectory directions and were categorized by using four compass sectors around the collection site. It was shown that the acid precipitation (pH < 5.6) came predominantly from the SW sector, where the largest anthropogenic sources of acid-forming gases exist. The NW sector also showed high acidity. The method described in this paper will prove useful in the future for identifying general sources of acid precipitation as increased amounts of fossil fuel are burned.
32 citations
01 Jan 1978
TL;DR: The National Atmospheric Deposition Program NC-141, part of the Association of State Agricultural Experiment Stations of the North Central Region (ASAESE) is located in North Carolina as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: National Atmospheric Deposition Program NC-141, part of the Association of State Agricultural Experiment Stations of the North Central Region
11 citations