Probability Distributions.- Linear Models for Regression.- Linear Models for Classification.- Neural Networks.- Kernel Methods.- Sparse Kernel Machines.- Graphical Models.- Mixture Models and EM.- Approximate Inference.- Sampling Methods.- Continuous Latent Variables.- Sequential Data.- Combining Models.

Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning

Global food demand is increasing rapidly, as are the environmental impacts of agricultural expansion. Here, we project global demand for crop production in 2050 and evaluate the environmental impacts of alternative ways that this demand might be met. We find that per capita demand for crops, when measured as caloric or protein content of all crops combined, has been a similarly increasing function of per capita real income since 1960. This relationship forecasts a 100–110% increase in global crop demand from 2005 to 2050. Quantitative assessments show that the environmental impacts of meeting this demand depend on how global agriculture expands. If current trends of greater agricultural intensification in richer nations and greater land clearing (extensification) in poorer nations were to continue, ∼1 billion ha of land would be cleared globally by 2050, with CO2-C equivalent greenhouse gas emissions reaching ∼3 Gt y−1 and N use ∼250 Mt y−1 by then. In contrast, if 2050 crop demand was met by moderate intensification focused on existing croplands of underyielding nations, adaptation and transfer of high-yielding technologies to these croplands, and global technological improvements, our analyses forecast land clearing of only ∼0.2 billion ha, greenhouse gas emissions of ∼1 Gt y−1, and global N use of ∼225 Mt y−1. Efficient management practices could substantially lower nitrogen use. Attainment of high yields on existing croplands of underyielding nations is of great importance if global crop demand is to be met with minimal environmental impacts.

https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/108/50/20260.full.pdf

Global food demand and the sustainable intensification of agriculture

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Modern Applied Statistics With S

Food in the Anthropocene: the EAT–Lancet Commission on healthy diets from sustainable food systems

Impatti, adattamento e vulnerabilita Le cause e le responsabilita dei cambiamenti climatici sono state trattate sul numero di ottobre della rivista Cda. Approfondiamo l’argomento presentando il documento: “Cambiamenti climatici 2007: impatti, adattamento e vulnerabilita” votato ad aprile 2007 dal secondo gruppo di lavoro del Comitato Intergovernativo sui Cambiamenti Climatici (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). Si tratta del secondo di tre documenti che compongono il quarto rapporto sui cambiamenti climatici.

/pdf/climate-change-2007-impacts-adaptation-and-vulnerability-31xc1cf4d3.pdf

Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability.

Grid Based Global Carbon Edge Regression Coefficients and Aggregations

Input data for 'forest_carbon_edge_effects'

The lost opportunity from insufficient pollinators for global food supplies and human health.

L'invention concerne un convertisseur d'energie des vagues, destine a etre utilise dans de l'eau de profondeur Dw, comprenant une structure tubulaire et un piston (12) a l'interieur de la structure tubulaire, le mouvement relatif du piston (12) par rapport a la structure tubulaire etant utilise afin de produire (42) de l'energie electrique. La longueur (L) de la structure tubulaire peut etre choisie afin de posseder une valeur predeterminee basee sur le fait que: (a) le rendement energetique genere augmente avec la longueur 'L' de la structure tubulaire a partir d'une valeur minimum jusqu'a ce que L atteigne une valeur optimale, et (b) le rendement decroit lorsque L depasse la valeur optimale en raison de la masse d'eau, dont la quantite a augmente, que doivent deplacer la structure tubulaire et le piston (12).

Amelioration portant sur un convertisseur d'energie des vagues

A wave energy converter (WEC), for use in a body of water of depth Dw, includes a tubular structure and a piston (12) within the tubular structure where the relative motion between the piston (12) and the tubular structure is used to generate (42) electric power. The length (L) of the tubular structure may be selected to have a predetermined value based on the fact that: (a) the efficiency of the power generated by WEC increases as the length "L" of the tubular structure increases from a minimal value until L reaches an optimal value; and (b) the efficiency decreases as L is increased beyond the optimal value due to the increased mass of the water that the tubular structure and the piston (12) have to move.

James S. Gerber

Papers

Grid Based Global Carbon Edge Regression Coefficients and Aggregations

Input data for 'forest_carbon_edge_effects'

The lost opportunity from insufficient pollinators for global food supplies and human health.

Amelioration portant sur un convertisseur d'energie des vagues

Improved wave energy converter (wec)