1. Introduction 20642. Synthesis of Magnetic Nanoparticles 20662.1. Classical Synthesis by Coprecipitation 20662.2. Reactions in Constrained Environments 20682.3. Hydrothermal and High-TemperatureReactions20692.4. Sol-Gel Reactions 20702.5. Polyol Methods 20712.6. Flow Injection Syntheses 20712.7. Electrochemical Methods 20712.8. Aerosol/Vapor Methods 20712.9. Sonolysis 20723. Stabilization of Magnetic Particles 20723.1. Monomeric Stabilizers 20723.1.1. Carboxylates 20733.1.2. Phosphates 20733.2. Inorganic Materials 20733.2.1. Silica 20733.2.2. Gold 20743.3. Polymer Stabilizers 20743.3.1. Dextran 20743.3.2. Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 20753.3.3. Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) 20753.3.4. Alginate 20753.3.5. Chitosan 20753.3.6. Other Polymers 20753.4. Other Strategies for Stabilization 20764. Methods of Vectorization of the Particles 20765. Structural and Physicochemical Characterization 20785.1. Size, Polydispersity, Shape, and SurfaceCharacterization20795.2. Structure of Ferro- or FerrimagneticNanoparticles20805.2.1. Ferro- and Ferrimagnetic Nanoparticles 20805.3. Use of Nanoparticles as Contrast Agents forMRI20825.3.1. High Anisotropy Model 20845.3.2. Small Crystal and Low Anisotropy EnergyLimit20855.3.3. Practical Interests of Magnetic NuclearRelaxation for the Characterization ofSuperparamagnetic Colloid20855.3.4. Relaxation of Agglomerated Systems 20856. Applications 20866.1. MRI: Cellular Labeling, Molecular Imaging(Inﬂammation, Apoptose, etc.)20866.2.

Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Stabilization, Vectorization, Physicochemical Characterizations, and Biological Applications

In this chapter, we will restrict our attention to the ferrites and a few other closely related materials. The great interest in ferrites stems from their unique combination of a spontaneous magnetization and a high electrical resistivity. The observed magnetization results from the difference in the magnetizations of two non-equivalent sub-lattices of the magnetic ions in the crystal structure. Materials of this type should strictly be designated as “ferrimagnetic” and in some respects are more closely related to anti-ferromagnetic substances than they are to ferromagnetics in which the magnetization results from the parallel alignment of all the magnetic moments present. We shall not adhere to this special nomenclature except to emphasize effects, which are due to the existence of the sub-lattices.

Ferromagnetic materials

The development of novel materials is a fundamental focal point of chemical research; and this interest is mandated by advancements in all areas of industry and technology. A good example of the synergism between scientific discovery and technological development is the electronics industry, where discoveries of new semiconducting materials resulted in the evolution from vacuum tubes to diodes and transistors, and eventually to miniature chips. The progression of this technology led to the development * To whom correspondence should be addressed. B.L.C.: (504) 2801385 (phone); (504) 280-3185 (fax); bcushing@uno.edu (e-mail). C.J.O.: (504)280-6846(phone);(504)280-3185(fax);coconnor@uno.edu (e-mail). 3893 Chem. Rev. 2004, 104, 3893−3946

http://depa.fquim.unam.mx/amyd//archivero/FidelmarLechugaSanabria_4940.pdf

Recent advances in the liquid-phase syntheses of inorganic nanoparticles.

Using high-pressure torsion for metal processing: Fundamentals and applications

Recent theoretical work on the microscopic structure and surface tension of the liquid-vapour interface of simple (argon-like) fluids is critically reviewed. In particular, the form of pairwise intermolecular correlations in the liquid surface and the capillary wave treatment of the interface are examined in some detail. It is argued that conventional capillary wave theory, which leads to divergences in the width of the density profile, is unsatisfactory for describing all the equilibrium aspects of the interface. The density functional formalism which has been developed to study the liquid-vapour interface can also be profitably applied to other problems in the statistical mechanics of non-uniform fluids; here a new generalization of the ‘linear’ theory of spinodal decomposition is formulated and by considering a ‘nearly uniform’ fluid, some useful results for the long-wavelength behaviour of the liquid structure factor of various monatomic liquids are obtained. Some other topics of current inte...

The nature of the liquid-vapour interface and other topics in the statistical mechanics of non-uniform, classical fluids

This review surveys the present knowledge of the mechanisms of decomposition processes in Al-Zn-Mg alloys. The various experimental observations connected with the formation and properties of the different second phase particles are described and critically analysed. The effect of different heat treatments, compositions, impurities, etc on the different stages of the decomposition process is discussed in detail.

Decomposition processes in Al-Zn-Mg alloys

Nanosized amorphous NiFe2O4 powder was prepared by sonochemical decomposition of solutions of volatile organic precursors, Fe(CO)5 and Ni(CO)4, in decalin at 273 K, under an oxygen pressure of 100−150 kPa. The amorphous nature of these particles was confirmed by various techniques, such as SEM, TEM, electron microdiffraction, and X-ray diffractograms. Magnetic measurements, Mossbauer, and EPR spectral studies indicated that the as-prepared NiFe2O4 ferrite particles were superparamagnetic. The Mossbauer spectrum of the crystallized sample showed a clear sextet pattern, with hyperfine field values of 500 and 508 kOe for A (tetrahedral) and B (octahedral) sublattices, respectively, of the inverse spinel NiFe2O4. Saturation magnetization of the annealed sample (25 emu/g) was significantly lower than that for the reported multidomain bulk prticles (55 emu/g), reflecting the ultrafine nature of the sample. Thermogravimetric measurements with a permanent magnet gave Curie temperatures of 440 °C for amorphous and...

https://www.szfki.hu/~baloghj/PDF/JPCB_101_1997_6409.pdf

János Lendvai

Papers

Decomposition processes in Al-Zn-Mg alloys

Sonochemical Preparation of Nanosized Amorphous NiFe2O4 Particles

Dislocations and grain size in ball-milled iron powder

The mechanism of clustering in supersaturated solid solutions of A1-Mg2Si alloys

The effect of Cu on mechanical and precipitation properties of Al–Zn–Mg alloys☆