Effective immunity is dependent on long-surviving memory T cells. Various memory subsets make distinct contributions to immune protection, especially in peripheral infection. It has been suggested that T cells in nonlymphoid tissues are important during local infection, although their relationship with populations in the circulation remains poorly defined. Here we describe a unique memory T cell subset present after acute infection with herpes simplex virus that remained resident in the skin and in latently infected sensory ganglia. These T cells were in disequilibrium with the circulating lymphocyte pool and controlled new infection with this virus. Thus, these cells represent an example of tissue-resident memory T cells that can provide protective immunity at points of pathogen entry.

Memory T cells in nonlymphoid tissue that provide enhanced local immunity during infection with herpes simplex virus

Redefining Chronic Viral Infection

Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells

[Von Hippel-Lindau disease].

Serum ferritin: Past, present and future.

Due to the guarded prognosis of acute retinal necrosis (ARN), it is relevant to develop a strategy to early categorize those patients in a higher risk of worse outcomes. The purpose of this study is to describe clinical features and predictive factors for retinal detachment (RD) in patients with ARN. Retrospective observational case series of 34 adult patients (38 eyes) with ARN examined between January 2005 and July 2015 in the National Eye Institute (Bethesda, USA), the Department of Ophthalmology, University of Chile (Santiago, Chile), and APEC (CDMX, Mexico). A total of 16 males and 18 females with a mean age at presentation of 44.5 ± 16.8 years were included. Twenty-seven patients (79.4%) received intravenous acyclovir as first-line treatment, and 7 patients received either oral antiviral (4 patients) or oral plus intravitreal antiviral (3 patients). All subjects were treated with prednisone, with a mean initial dose of 57.7 ± 16.3 mg per day. Seventeen patients (50.0%) developed retinal detachment. An association of retinal detachment with age at onset was observed (p = 0.04), with patients younger than 50 years presenting a higher risk (OR = 14.86, p = 0.0009). Additionally, patients in this higher risk group had more inflammation in both anterior chamber and vitreous (p = 0.04 and 0.03, respectively). No other predictive factor for retinal detachment was found in the present study. RD represents an important complication in patients with ARN. Younger patients may be at higher risk of this complication, possibly secondary to the presence of a higher level of inflammation.

Association of retinal detachment with age 50 years or younger at onset in patients with acute retinal necrosis.

Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS) is an idiopathic inflammatory condition, characterized by multiple white dots in the fundus typically localized to the outer retina, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), or choroid.

Multiple Evanescent White Dot Syndrome (MEWDS)

Incidence and visual outcomes of acute endophthalmitis post intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factors in a single referral center

Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE) is a condition characterized by multiple large plaque-like posterior pole lesions located in the inner choroid and/or retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Often, the lesions are transient and follow a viral prodrome suggesting a possible infectious etiology.

Acute Posterior Multifocal Placoid Pigment Epitheliopathy

Punctate inner choroidopathy (PIC) is an uncommon idiopathic inflammatory chorioretinopathy characterized by multiple, small, discrete, yellow-white posterior pole lesions. It is more common in young, moderately myopic females. Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a common complication and cause of vision loss.

Jared E. Knickelbein

Papers

Association of retinal detachment with age 50 years or younger at onset in patients with acute retinal necrosis.

Multiple Evanescent White Dot Syndrome (MEWDS)

Incidence and visual outcomes of acute endophthalmitis post intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factors in a single referral center

Acute Posterior Multifocal Placoid Pigment Epitheliopathy

Punctate Inner Choroidopathy