Co-Planar Stereotaxic Atlas of the Human Brain—3-Dimensional Proportional System: An Approach to Cerebral Imaging, J. Talairach, P. Tournoux. Georg Thieme Verlag, New York (1988), 122 pp., 130 figs. DM 268

https://www.cell.com/trends/cognitive-sciences/pdf/S1364-6613(00)01452-2.pdf

Inhibition of return.

https://www.cogsci.msu.edu/DSS/2013-2014/Sporns/van%20den%20Heuvel%20Sporns%202013%20TICS.pdf

Network hubs in the human brain

http://www.unicog.org/publications/DehaeneChangeux_ReviewConsciousness_Neuron2011.pdf

Experimental and Theoretical Approaches to Conscious Processing

http://journalpsyche.org/articles/0xc066.pdf

Conscious, preconscious, and subliminal processing: a testable taxonomy.

http://www.psy.vanderbilt.edu/faculty/marois/Publications/Marois_Ivanoff-2005.pdf

Capacity limits of information processing in the brain

Immediately following an event at a peripheral location there is facilitation for the processing of other stimuli near that location. This is said to reflect a reflexive shift of attention towards the source of stimulation. After attention is removed from such a peripheral location, there is then delayed responding to stimuli subsequently displayed there. This inhibitory aftereffect, first described in 1984 and later labeled 'inhibition of return (IOR)', encourages orienting towards novel locations and hence might facilitate foraging and other search behaviors. Since its relatively recent discovery, IOR has been the subject of intensive investigation, from many angles and with a wide variety of approaches. After describing the seminal contribution of Posner and Cohen ('Who'), this review will discuss what causes IOR and, once initiated, what effects IOR has on subsequent processing ('What'). The time course ('When') and spatial distribution ('Where') of IOR, and what is known about IOR's neural implementation ('How') and functional significance ('Why') are also discussed.

Inhibition of return

http://www.psy.vanderbilt.edu/faculty/marois/Publications/Dux_et_al-2006.pdf

Isolation of a Central Bottleneck of Information Processing with Time-Resolved fMRI

Background 
The speed and accuracy of decision-making have a well-known trading relationship: hasty decisions are more prone to errors while careful, accurate judgments take more time. Despite the pervasiveness of this speed-accuracy trade-off (SAT) in decision-making, its neural basis is still unknown.


Methodology/Principal Findings 
Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) we show that emphasizing the speed of a perceptual decision at the expense of its accuracy lowers the amount of evidence-related activity in lateral prefrontal cortex. Moreover, this speed-accuracy difference in lateral prefrontal cortex activity correlates with the speed-accuracy difference in the decision criterion metric of signal detection theory. We also show that the same instructions increase baseline activity in a dorso-medial cortical area involved in the internal generation of actions.


Conclusions/Significance 
These findings suggest that the SAT is neurally implemented by modulating not only the amount of externally-derived sensory evidence used to make a decision, but also the internal urge to make a response. We propose that these processes combine to control the temporal dynamics of the speed-accuracy trade-off in decision-making.

/pdf/fmri-evidence-for-a-dual-process-account-of-the-speed-ej1akmo6hk.pdf

fMRI evidence for a dual process account of the speed-accuracy tradeoff in decision-making.

McCormick (1997) concluded that peripheral cues presented below a threshold of awareness could nevertheless attract attention because they facilitated target processing near the cue shortly after its presentation. Yet, whereas an exogenous shift of attention typically exhibits a biphasic pattern (initial facilitation followed by inhibition of return [IOR]), at late cue-target onset asynchronies, IOR was not observed by McCormick. In our study, targets requiring a detection response were preceded by masked and nonmasked, uninformative cues presented under two conditions: one in which the cue was ignored (no report) and one in which the cue was detected and localized following the response to the target (cue report). When participants were required to make cue judgments at the end of each trial, we replicated McCormick's pattern, finding facilitation (but not IOR) following both masked and nonmasked cues. When there was no requirement to judge the presence or location of the cues, IOR was present with and without masks, whereas facilitation was observed only when the cues were not masked. That the assessment of cue awareness increases attentional facilitation and prevents (or delays) the onset of IOR is attributed to attentional control settings put in place to perform the cue-awareness assessments in the cue-report condition.

Jason Ivanoff

Papers

Capacity limits of information processing in the brain

Inhibition of return

Isolation of a Central Bottleneck of Information Processing with Time-Resolved fMRI

fMRI evidence for a dual process account of the speed-accuracy tradeoff in decision-making.

Orienting of attention without awareness is affected by measurement-induced attentional control settings.