Glycemic index: overview of implications in health and disease : Is the glycemic index important in human nutrition?

It is of great importance to develop multifunctional bioactive scaffolds, which combine angiogenesis capacity, osteostimulation, and antibacterial properties for regenerating lost bone tissues. In order to achieve this aim, we prepared copper (Cu)-containing mesoporous bioactive glass (Cu-MBG) scaffolds with interconnective large pores (several hundred micrometer) and well-ordered mesopore channels (around 5 nm). Both Cu-MBG scaffolds and their ionic extracts could stimulate hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1a and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) expression in human bone marrow stromal cells(hBMSCs). In addition, both Cu-MBG scaffolds and their ionic extracts significantly promoted the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs by improving their bone-related gene expression (alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteopontin(OPN) and osteocalcin (OCN)). Furthermore, Cu-MBG scaffolds could maintain a sustained release of ibuprofen and significantly inhibited the viability of bacteria. This study indicates that the incorporation of Cu2þ ions into MBG scaffolds significantly enhances hypoxia-like tissue reaction leading to the coupling of angiogenesis and osteogenesis. Cu2þ ions play an important role to offer the multifunctional properties of MBG scaffold system. This study has demonstrated that it is possible to develop multifunctional scaffolds by combining enhanced angiogenesis potential, osteostimulation, and antibacterial properties for the treatment of large bone defects.

Copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass scaffolds with multifunctional properties of angiogenesis capacity, osteostimulation and antibacterial activity

Lipids are amphiphilic molecules, where one part of the molecule is water-loving (hydrophilic) and the other water-hating (hydrophobic). When lipids are placed in contact with water, the unfavorable interactions of the hydrophobic segments of the molecule with the solvent result in the self assembly of lipids, often in the form of liposomes. Liposomes consist of an aqueous core surrounded by a lipid bilayer, much like a membrane, separating the inner aqueous core from the bulk outside. They were first discovered by Bangham and his co-workers in 1961 [1] and described as swollen phospholipid systems [2]. In the following years, a variety of enclosed phospholipid bilayer structures were defined which were initially called bangosomes and then liposomes, which was derived by the combination of two Greek words, “lipos” meaning fat and “soma” meaning body.

/pdf/liposomes-as-potential-drug-carrier-systems-for-drug-xhfkqf3c8l.pdf

Liposomes as Potential Drug Carrier Systems for Drug Delivery

Design of experiments using the Taguchi approach: Synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles

Silymarin, a mixture of flavonolignan and flavonoid polyphenolic compounds extractable from milk thistle (Silybum marianum) seeds, has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and anti-viral activities potentially useful in the treatment of several liver disorders, such as chronic liver diseases, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Equally promising are the effects of silymarin in protecting the brain from the inflammatory and oxidative stress effects by which metabolic syndrome contributes to neurodegenerative diseases. However, although clinical trials have proved that silymarin is safe at high doses (>1500 mg/day) in humans, it suffers limiting factors such as low solubility in water (<50 μg/mL), low bioavailability and poor intestinal absorption. To improve its bioavailability and provide a prolonged silymarin release at the site of absorption, the use of nanotechnological strategies appears to be a promising method to potentiate the therapeutic action and promote sustained release of the active herbal extract. The purpose of this study is to review the different nanostructured systems available in literature as delivery strategies to improve the absorption and bioavailability of silymarin.

https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/11/2155/pdf

Formulation Strategies for Enhancing the Bioavailability of Silymarin: The State of the Art.

In the present study, erosion wear behavior of slurry pipeline due to solid–liquid suspension in the pipeline has been investigated using commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code FLUENT. A multiphase Euler–Lagrange model was adopted to predict the solid particle erosion wear in a 90° pipe bend for the flow of bottom ash–water suspension. A standard k–e turbulence modeling scheme was used to simulate the flow through the pipeline. Water and bottom ash were taken as liquid and as a dispersed phase of solid–liquid mixture, respectively. A simulation study for erosion wear in a pipe bend was carried out to investigate the influence of various parameters including velocity, solid concentration, and particle size. The velocity of the bottom ash–water suspension varied from 0.5 to 2.5 m/s for solid concentrations with a range of 2.5 to 10.0% (by volume). The particle diameters of the bottom ash were 162 and 300 µm. The simulation results agree with the results of previous studies.

CFD modeling of erosion wear in pipe bend for the flow of bottom ash suspension

Modelling of two phase solid-liquid flow in horizontal pipe using computational fluid dynamics technique

In the present work, erosion wear due to slurry mixture flow has been investigated using a slurry erosion pot tester. Erosion tests are conducted on three different slurry pipe materials, namely, mild steel, SS202, and SS304, to establish the influence of rotational speed, concentration, and time period. In order to increase erosion wear resistance, a high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) coating technique is used to deposit a WC-10Co4Cr coating on the surface of all piping materials. Experimental results show that rotational speed is a highly-influencing parameter for the erosion wear rate as compared to solid concentration, time duration, and weighted mean diameter. WC-10Co4Cr HVOF coating improved the erosion resistance of piping materials up to 3.5 times. From experimental data, the exponents of solid concentration, velocity, and the size of particles are calculated for the empirical erosion wear equation. A functional equation of the erosion wear rate is developed. The predicted erosion wear is in agreement with the experimental data and found to be within a deviation of ±12%.

Erosion Wear Investigation of HVOF Sprayed WC-10Co4Cr Coating on Slurry Pipeline Materials

The oral route is the easiest, cost effective, and most vital method for drug administration. Therefore, improvement of dosage forms mainly for the prolonged release purpose has been a challenge for scientists. Vesicular drug delivery systems are developed with a purpose to overcome problems coupled with the drugs such a poor bioavailability, protection from harsh gastric environment, and from gastric enzymes, which degrade the drug.Vesicular drug delivery systems such as liposomes, emulsions, niosomes, proniosomes, solid lipid-nano particles, ethosomes, nanoparticles, and pharmacosomes, etc have gained much attention, but emulsomes have rouse as system, which bypasses many disadvantages associated with other systems, developed as novel lipoidal vesicular system with internal solid fat core surrounded by phospholipid bilayer. This technology is designed to act as vehicle for poorly soluble drugs.The drug is enclosed in the emulsomes and provide prolong existence of drug in systemic circulation. Furthermore, emulsomal-based formulations of genetic drugs such as antisense oligonucleotides and plasmids for gene therapy that have clear potential for systemic utility are increasingly available. This review addresses the concept of emulsomal drug delivery system, summarizes the success of emulsomes for the delivery of small molecules, and special attention has been paid to its formulation design, advantages, biopharmaceutical aspects, stability aspects, and various aspects related to drug delivery including future aspects.

Emulsomes: An emerging vesicular drug delivery system

The present study was carried out in an attempt to reduce head loss in 90° pipe bends for conveying coal-water slurry suspensions using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Bend geometries were modi...

Jatinder Pal Singh

Papers

CFD modeling of erosion wear in pipe bend for the flow of bottom ash suspension

Modelling of two phase solid-liquid flow in horizontal pipe using computational fluid dynamics technique

Erosion Wear Investigation of HVOF Sprayed WC-10Co4Cr Coating on Slurry Pipeline Materials

Emulsomes: An emerging vesicular drug delivery system

Simulation and optimization of coal-water slurry suspension flow through 90° pipe bend using CFD