Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques

Emerging adulthood is proposed as a new conception of development for the period from the late teens through the twenties, with a focus on ages 18-25. A theoretical background is presented. Then evidence is provided to support the idea that emerging adulthood is a distinct period demographically, subjectively, and in terms of identity explorations. How emerging adulthood differs from adolescence and young adulthood is explained. Finally, a cultural context for the idea of emerging adulthood is outlined, and it is specified that emerging adulthood exists only in cultures that allow young people a prolonged period of independent role exploration during the late teens and twenties.

/pdf/emerging-adulthood-a-theory-of-development-from-the-late-48n8l4n0g7.pdf

Emerging adulthood. A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties.

It is hypothesized that collective efficacy, defined as social cohesion among neighbors combined with their willingness to intervene on behalf of the common good, is linked to reduced violence. This hypothesis was tested on a 1995 survey of 8782 residents of 343 neighborhoods in Chicago, Illinois. Multilevel analyses showed that a measure of collective efficacy yields a high between-neighborhood reliability and is negatively associated with variations in violence, when individual-level characteristics, measurement error, and prior violence are controlled. Associations of concentrated disadvantage and residential instability with violence are largely mediated by collective efficacy.

Neighborhoods and Violent Crime: A Multilevel Study of Collective Efficacy

Emerging adulthood is proposed as a new conception of development for the period from the late teens through the twenties, with a focus on ages 18-25. A theoretical background is presented, Then evidence is provided to support the idea that emerging adulthood is a distinct period demographically, subjectively, and in terms of identity explorations. How emerging adulthood differs from adolescence and young adulthood is explained. Finally, a cultural context for the idea of emerging adulthood is outlined, and it is specified that emerging adulthood exists only in cultures that allow young people a prolonged period of independent role. exploration during the late teens and twenties.

http://personal.tcu.edu/pwitt/emerging%20adults.pdf

A Theory of Development From the Late Teens Through the Twenties

So far in this course we have dealt entirely with the evolution of characters that are controlled by simple Mendelian inheritance at a single locus. There are notes on the course website about gametic disequilibrium and how allele frequencies change at two loci simultaneously, but we didn’t discuss them. In every example we’ve considered we’ve imagined that we could understand something about evolution by examining the evolution of a single gene. That’s the domain of classical population genetics. For the next few weeks we’re going to be exploring a field that’s actually older than classical population genetics, although the approach we’ll be taking to it involves the use of population genetic machinery. If you know a little about the history of evolutionary biology, you may know that after the rediscovery of Mendel’s work in 1900 there was a heated debate between the “biometricians” (e.g., Galton and Pearson) and the “Mendelians” (e.g., de Vries, Correns, Bateson, and Morgan). Biometricians asserted that the really important variation in evolution didn’t follow Mendelian rules. Height, weight, skin color, and similar traits seemed to

Human biochemical genetics

A large body of research examines the influence of parental investments in children, focusing on structural factors such as marital status, income, and education. The ability to maintain order and cleanliness may be an inherited trait, benefiting both parent and child directly. In addition, children living in lower quality home environments performed worse than other children on a measure of task persistence, controlling for family income. A rich body of research does examine the ways in which parental characteristics, personality traits, and the home environment come together to influence children's attainments. The evidence suggests that parents who are more organized and efficient may invest in children in ways that promote children's later achievement and success. Future research could examine the associations between home cleanliness and child behaviors that may influence education attainment, such as problem behavior. The measure of organization and efficiency is indirect and based on a housework-hours-adjusted rating of the cleanliness of a respondent's dwelling.

The Long-Term Impact of Parental Organization and Efficiency

/pdf/person-perception-and-verbal-labeling-the-development-of-2byoev6lrp.pdf

Person Perception and Verbal Labeling: The Development of Social Labels.

Head Start, two-generation ESL services, and parent engagement

Research on neighborhoods and individual well-being has produced a substantive body of knowledge over the past quarter century. Neighborhood conditions—especially socioeconomic status (SES), which is based on income and education and to a lesser extent on residential stability—are predictive of cognitive development. The strongest evidence controls for individual and family-level characteristics or examines individuals clustered within neighborhoods in order to obtain estimates of within- and between-neighborhood variance. Another line of research has focused on housing mobility projects, which allow for the experimental assignment of residents to more advantaged neighborhoods. Future research on neighborhoods will continue to blend methods and data from an increasing number of disciplines to better understand human development in context.


Keywords:

neighborhood effects;
cognitive development;
socioeconomic status (SES);
educational attainment;
multilevel models

Jeanne Brooks-Gunn

Papers

The Long-Term Impact of Parental Organization and Efficiency

Person Perception and Verbal Labeling: The Development of Social Labels.

Head Start, two-generation ESL services, and parent engagement

Neighborhoods and Cognitive Development

Early Childhood Education and Care: An Opportunity to Enhance the Lives of Poor Children