/pdf/beck-depression-inventory-iinituitenoyi-kao-cha-3143h0pleh.pdf

Beck Depression Inventory-IIについての一考察

Diet is a major lifestyle-related risk factor of various chronic diseases. Dietary intake can be assessed by subjective report and objective observation. Subjective assessment is possible using open-ended surveys such as dietary recalls or records, or using closed-ended surveys including food frequency questionnaires. Each method has inherent strengths and limitations. Continued efforts to improve the accuracy of dietary intake assessment and enhance its feasibility in epidemiological studies have been made. This article reviews common dietary assessment methods and their feasibility in epidemiological studies.

https://www.e-epih.org/upload/pdf/epih-36-e2014009.pdf

Dietary assessment methods in epidemiologic studies.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention in Asia is an important issue for world health, because half of the world’s population lives in Asia. Asian countries and regions such as Japan, the Republic of Korea, the People’s Republic of China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and the Kingdom of Thailand have greater mortality and morbidity from stroke than from coronary heart disease (CHD), whereas the opposite is true in Western countries.1 The reasons why this specific situation is observed in countries with rapid and early-phase westernization, such as Japan and South Korea, are very interesting.

The Seven Countries Study conducted by Keys et al2 in 1957 found that Japanese populations had lower fat intake, lower serum total cholesterol, and lower CHD than populations in the United States and Scandinavia, in spite of higher smoking rates. The serum total cholesterol level in Japan has increased rapidly since World War II in accordance with an increase in dietary fat intake from 10% of total energy intake per capita per day to 25%.1,2 Despite this increase, the specific characteristic of lower CHD incidence and mortality than that in Western countries has persisted.3,4 Whether Japanese people and certain other Asian populations have different risk factors for CHD than Western populations has been a subject of discussion for quite some time.

In this article, we discuss the existence of higher stroke rates and lower CHD rates in Asian countries than in Western countries and the respective risk factors for this on the basis of extensive reviews of cohort studies. We also discuss whether these risk factors differ from those of Western countries. Along with this, we examine the relationship between serum total cholesterol and total stroke and its subtypes. We also address the emerging problems and important issues for CVD prevention in Asia.

An extensive …

Cardiovascular disease and risk factors in Asia: a selected review.

Validation and reproducibility of food frequency questionnaire for Korean genome epidemiologic study

Validation and reproducibility of food frequency questionnaire for Korean genome epidemiologic study.

Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are at an increased risk of malignancies compared with the general population. This has raised concerns regarding these patients, particularly with the widespread use of immunomodulating therapies, including biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). We performed a systematic literature review and analysis to quantify the incidence of malignancies in patients with RA and the general population to update previously published data. A literature search was conducted that was consistent with and similar to that in a meta-analysis published in 2008. MEDLINE, BIOSIS Previews, Embase, Derwent Drug File and SciSearch databases were searched using specified search terms. Predefined inclusion criteria identified the relevant observational studies published between 2008 and 2014 that provided estimates of relative risk of malignancy in patients with RA compared with the general population. Risk data on overall malignancy and site-specific malignancies (lymphoma, melanoma and lung, colorectal, breast, cervical and prostate cancer) were extracted. The standardized incidence ratios (SIRs; a measure of risk) relative to the general population were evaluated and compared with published rates. A total of nine publications met the inclusion criteria. Seven of these reported SIRs for overall malignancy; eight for lymphoma, melanoma, and lung, colorectal and breast cancer; seven for prostate cancer; and four for cervical cancer. Compared with those in the general population, the SIR estimates for patients with RA suggest a modest increased risk in overall malignancy, as previously observed. Patients with RA continued to show an increased risk of lymphoma and lung cancer compared with the general population. Overall, SIR estimates for colorectal and breast cancers continued to show a decrease in risk, whereas cervical cancer, prostate cancer and melanoma appeared to show no consistent trend in risk among patients with RA compared with the general population. The additional data evaluated here are consistent with previously reported data. Patients with RA are at an increased risk of lung and lymphoma malignancies compared with the general population. Quantifying differences in malignancy rates between non-biologic and biologic DMARD-treated patients with RA may further highlight which malignancies may be related to treatment rather than to the underlying disease.

/pdf/incidence-of-malignancy-in-adult-patients-with-rheumatoid-245xxqzf41.pdf

Incidence of malignancy in adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis

Although the etiologies of cardiovascular disease (CVD) are widely understood, the goal of finding a globally effective solution for preventing CVD is unrealistic. Therefore, we aimed to conduct a community-based prospective study on the prevention and management of CVD in Korean adults. This study was designed to recruit 8,000 healthy adults over the course of 5 years. The baseline assessment includes a wide range of established CVD risk factors, including demographic characteristics, medical history, health behaviors, psychological conditions, body size and composition, blood pressure, the augmentation index, carotid ultrasonography, an electrocardiogram, and biochemical indicators, as well as some novel factors, such as social network characteristics, exposure to environmental pollutants, inflammatory markers, hemostatic markers, and immunosenescence markers. Annual telephone interviews and follow-up health examinations at 5-year intervals after the baseline assessment are planned to collect information on changes in health status and its determinants. Additionally, indirect follow-up using secondary data sources will be conducted to obtain information on health services utilization and death. So far, more than 6,000 adults have been enrolled during the first three and a half years, and almost all participants have been tracked by annual telephone follow-up surveys. The data have been uploaded to iCReaT, the clinical research information management system of the Korea National Institute of Health.

/pdf/cardiovascular-and-metabolic-diseases-etiology-research-5dofmdsjzr.pdf

Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center (CMERC) cohort: study protocol and results of the first 3 years of enrollment

Objective. To determine the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) and standardized incidence ratio (SIR) for malignancy in Korean patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods. We enrolled 1534 patients with RA who fulfilled the American College of Rheumatology criteria, from October 2001 to December 2007. Baseline assessment included sociodemographic variables, laboratory findings including rheumatoid factor, anticitrullinated protein antibody, functional class, radiological stage, medication, and the Korean version of the Health Assessment Questionnaire. We used the national mortality rate from 2001 to 2007 from the Korean National Statistical Office (KNSO) and the incidence rate from the Korean Central Cancer Registry (KCCR) from 2001 to 2007 as comparison data for estimates of SMR and SIR. Confidence intervals were calculated based on the Poisson distribution. Results. There were 57 deaths in 6683 person-years of followup. The number of expected deaths (derived from the KNSO) was 42.33 and the SMR for patients with RA was 1.35 (95% CI 1.02–1.74). The main causes of death were malignancy, cardiovascular disease, and respiratory disease. In the cause-specific SMR, deaths from respiratory disease, especially from interstitial lung disease (ILD) and pneumonia, were significantly higher than expected: 4.66 (95% CI 2.13–8.85) for all respiratory disease, 18.18 (95% CI 2.20–65.64) for ILD, and 10.26 (95% CI 2.79–26.26) for pneumonia. Thirty malignancies had occurred in 1501 patients. The number of expected malignancies derived from the KCCR was 34.91, yielding a SIR for cancer of 0.86 (95% CI 0.58–1.23). Conclusion. Our study demonstrates that the SMR was slightly higher in patients with RA, but the incidence rates of malignancies were not significantly different from the general population. But deaths from respiratory diseases were significantly higher.

https://www.jrheum.org/content/jrheum/39/2/226.full.pdf

Mortality and incidence of malignancy in Korean patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

There is growing evidence for a global transition to a more highly processed diet. While the dietary share of ultra-processed foods depends on a country’s economic status, food choice and consumption are also influenced by the socioeconomic situation of individuals. This study investigated whether ultra-processed food consumption differed across socioeconomic subgroups and over time (2010–2018) in Korea. Cross-sectional data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010–2018 were analyzed. Food and beverages reported in a one-day 24 h recall were classified according to the NOVA food classification criteria. The dietary energy contribution of ultra-processed foods was high among men and urban residents, and increased with education and income level; additionally, it reached its peak in adolescents and thereafter decreased with increasing age. After adjusting the socioeconomic variables, such associations remained significant, except for income level. The overall contribution of ultra-processed foods increased from 23.1% (2010–2012) to 26.1% (2016–2018), and the same trend over time was observed in all age groups and socioeconomic strata. In the Korean population, ultra-processed food consumption differed by individual socioeconomic characteristics, but gradually increased over time, and this trend was consistently found in all socioeconomic subgroups. Future strategies to promote healthy food choices are needed for the Korean population.

https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/4/1120/pdf

Socioeconomic Characteristics and Trends in the Consumption of Ultra-Processed Foods in Korea from 2010 to 2018

Background and Objectives: We investigated the inter-arm difference in blood pressure of the general Korean population to identify associated factors Subjects and Methods: A total of 806 participants aged 30 to 64 years without history of major cardiovascular disease were analyzed in this cross-sectional study They participated in the Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Etiology Research Center cohort study that began in 2013 Brachial blood pressure was measured simultaneously for both arms using an automated oscillometric device equipped with two cuffs in seated position After five minutes of rest, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured three times The average of the three measurements was used for analysis Multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with inter-arm differences in blood pressure Results: The mean inter-arm difference was 33 mmHg for SBP and 20 mmHg for DBP Large inter-arm differences (≥10 mmHg) in SBP and in DBP were found in 37% and 09% of subjects, respectively A large inter-arm difference in SBP was associated with mean SBP (p=0002) and C-reactive protein (p=0014) while a large inter-arm different in DBP was only associated with body mass index (p=0015) Sex, age, and anti-hypertensive medication use were not associated with differences in inter-arm blood pressure Conclusion: Large inter-arm difference in blood pressure is only present in a small portion of healthy Korean adults Our findings suggest that high SBP, chronic inflammation, and obesity may be associated with larger difference in inter-arm blood pressure (Korean Circ J 2016;46(3):374-383)

/pdf/inter-arm-difference-in-brachial-blood-pressure-in-the-8amckozoq6.pdf

Inter-Arm Difference in Brachial Blood Pressure in the General Population of Koreans

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES To investigate age-specific and sex-specific distributions of blood cholesterol in the general Korean population. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We analyzed data for 8284 men and 9246 women aged ≥10 years who participated in the fifth (2010-2012) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Age-specific means, medians, and selected percentiles were calculated for men, premenopausal women, and postmenopausal women. RESULTS Median total cholesterol (TC) level increased with age across all age groups, from 147 to 196 mg/dL in males and from 159 to 210 mg/dL in females. Triglyceride (TG) levels increased with age in females; however, in males, TG levels rapidly increased during young adulthood, peaked at 50-54 years, and then decreased. High density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were higher in females than in males and decreased with increasing age in both males and females. Low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels increased with age across all age groups, from 89 to 127 mg/dL in males and from 82 to 113 mg/dL in females. Lipoprotein-cholesterol fraction (TC/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C, TG/HDL-C, non-HDL-C) levels increased with age in females, but increased more rapidly in males during young adulthood and decreased after middle age. CONCLUSION Blood cholesterol levels and lipoprotein-cholesterol fractions present different distributions by age, sex, and menopausal status.

/pdf/effects-of-age-sex-and-menopausal-status-on-blood-1e589c201z.pdf

Jee-Seon Shim

Papers

Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center (CMERC) cohort: study protocol and results of the first 3 years of enrollment

Mortality and incidence of malignancy in Korean patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Socioeconomic Characteristics and Trends in the Consumption of Ultra-Processed Foods in Korea from 2010 to 2018

Inter-Arm Difference in Brachial Blood Pressure in the General Population of Koreans

Effects of age, sex, and menopausal status on blood cholesterol profile in the korean population.