政治自由主义 = Political liberalism

http://depts.washington.edu/sphnet/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Coovadia.pdf

The health and health system of South Africa: historical roots of current public health challenges

Biomedical engineers have traditionally developed technologies in response to the needs of the developed world's medical community. As a result, the diagnostic systems on which they have worked have met the requirements of well-funded laboratories in highly regulated and quality-assessed environments. However, such approaches do not address the needs of the majority of the world's people afflicted with infectious diseases, who have, at best, access to poorly resourced health care facilities with almost no supporting clinical laboratory infrastructure. A major challenge for the biomedical engineering community is to develop diagnostic tests to meet the needs of these people, the majority of whom are in the developing world. We here review the context in which the diagnostics must operate, some of the appropriate diagnostic technologies already in distribution, and some emerging technologies that promise to address this challenge. However, there is much room for innovation, adaptation, and cost reduction be...

https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev.bioeng.10.061807.160524

Point-of-care diagnostics for global health.

http://sa.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/Multidrug-resistant.pdf

Multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis: a threat to global control of tuberculosis

Although progress has been made to reduce global incidence of drug-susceptible tuberculosis, the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis during the past decade threatens to undermine these advances. However, countries are responding far too slowly. Of the estimated 440 000 cases of MDR tuberculosis that occurred in 2008, only 7% were identifi ed and reported to WHO. Of these cases, only a fi fth were treated according to WHO standards. Although treatment of MDR and XDR tuberculosis is possible with currently available diagnostic techniques and drugs, the treatment course is substantially more costly and laborious than for drug-susceptible tuberculosis, with higher rates of treatment failure and mortality. Nonetheless, a few countries provide examples of how existing technologies can be used to reverse the epidemic of MDR tuberculosis within a decade. Major improvements in laboratory capacity, infection control, performance of tuberculosis control programmes, and treatment regimens for both drug-susceptible and drug-resistant disease will be needed, together with a massive scale-up in diagnosis and treatment of MDR and XDR tuberculosis to prevent drug-resistant strains from becoming the dominant form of tuberculosis. New diagnostic tests and drugs are likely to become available during the next few years and should accelerate control of MDR and XDR tuberculosis. Equally important, especially in the highest-burden countries of India, China, and Russia, will be a commitment to tuberculosis control including improvements in national policies and health systems that remove fi nancial barriers to treatment, encourage rational drug use, and create the infrastructure necessary to manage MDR tuberculosis on a national scale.

https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736(10)60410-2.pdf

Tuberculosis 2 Multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis: a threat to global control of tuberculosis

Precision medicine in resistant Tuberculosis: Treat the correct patient, at the correct time, with the correct drug.

Jerome Singh argues that health ethics principles must be afforded equal status to economics principles in climate change deliberations, and that the health community must play more of a leadership role.

http://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10413/9197/Singh_Jerome_Amir_2012.pdf?sequence=1

Why human health and health ethics must be central to climate change deliberations.

AUTHORS: Rachel Adams1 Fola Adeleke2 Dominique Anderson3 Ahmed Bawa4 Nicola Branson5 Alan Christoffels3 Jantina de Vries6 Harriet Etheredge7,8 Eleni Flack-Davison9 Mark Gaffley10 Monique Marks11 Mongezi Mdhluli12 Safia Mahomed13 Mapitso Molefe14 Tshilidzi Muthivhi15 Caroline Ncube16 Antonel Olckers17 Maria Papathanasopoulos18,19 Jane Pillay20 Tobias Schonwetter21 Jerome Singh22 Carmen Swanepoel23 Michèle Ramsay24

/pdf/popia-code-of-conduct-for-research-jxorhglt2q.pdf

POPIA Code of Conduct for Research

Adolescent consent to testing: a review of current policies and issues in sub-Saharan Africa

This chapter discusses the need for mid-level workers. It compares 
the recommendations regarding mid-level workers of the Pick Report 
on Human Resources (2001) with the current situation. It then gives an 
overview of developments on a range of mid-level health workers and 
makes some recommendations regarding these.

Jerome Amir Singh

Papers

Precision medicine in resistant Tuberculosis: Treat the correct patient, at the correct time, with the correct drug.

Why human health and health ethics must be central to climate change deliberations.

POPIA Code of Conduct for Research

Adolescent consent to testing: a review of current policies and issues in sub-Saharan Africa

Mid-level health workers in South Africa: not an easy option.