The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive presentation and interpretation of the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) and its numerical implementation. The EnKF has a large user group, and numerous publications have discussed applications and theoretical aspects of it. This paper reviews the important results from these studies and also presents new ideas and alternative interpretations which further explain the success of the EnKF. In addition to providing the theoretical framework needed for using the EnKF, there is also a focus on the algorithmic formulation and optimal numerical implementation. A program listing is given for some of the key subroutines. The paper also touches upon specific issues such as the use of nonlinear measurements, in situ profiles of temperature and salinity, and data which are available with high frequency in time. An ensemble based optimal interpolation (EnOI) scheme is presented as a cost-effective approach which may serve as an alternative to the EnKF in some applications. A fairly extensive discussion is devoted to the use of time correlated model errors and the estimation of model bias.

The Ensemble Kalman Filter: Theoretical formulation and practical implementation

Digital Control Of Dynamic Systems This well-respected, market-leading text discusses the use of digital computers in the real-time control of dynamic systems. The emphasis is on the design of digital controls that achieve good dynamic response and small errors while using signals that are sampled in time and quantized in amplitude. Digital Control of Dynamic Systems (3rd Edition): Franklin ... This well-respected, market-leading text discusses the use of digital computers in the real-time control of dynamic systems. The emphasis is on the design of digital controls that achieve good dynamic response and small errors while using signals that are sampled in time and quantized in amplitude. Digital Control of Dynamic Systems: Gene F. Franklin ... Digital Control of Dynamic Systems, 2nd Edition. Gene F. Franklin, Stanford University. J. David Powell, Stanford University Digital Control of Dynamic Systems, 2nd Edition Pearson This well-respected work discusses the use of digital computers in the real-time control of dynamic systems. The emphasis is on the design of digital controls that achieve good dynamic response and small errors while using signals that are sampled in time and quantized in amplitude. MATLAB statements and problems are thoroughly and carefully integrated throughout the book to offer readers a complete design picture. Digital Control of Dynamic Systems, 3rd Edition ... Digital control of dynamic systems | Gene F. Franklin, J. David Powell, Michael L. Workman | download | B–OK. Download books for free. Find books Digital control of dynamic systems | Gene F. Franklin, J ... Abstract This well-respected work discusses the use of digital computers in the real-time control of dynamic systems. The emphasis is on the design of digital controls that achieve good dynamic... (PDF) Digital Control of Dynamic Systems Digital Control of Dynamic Systems, Addison.pdf There is document Digital Control of Dynamic Systems, Addison.pdfavailable here for reading and downloading. Use the download button below or simple online reader. The file extension PDFand ranks to the Documentscategory. Digital Control of Dynamic Systems, Addison.pdf Download ... Automatic control is the science that develops techniques to steer, guide, control dynamic systems. These systems are built by humans and must perform a specific task. Examples of such dynamic systems are found in biology, physics, robotics, finance, etc. Digital Control means that the control laws are implemented in a digital device, such as a microcontroller or a microprocessor. Introduction to Digital Control of Dynamic Systems And ... The discussions are clear, nomenclature is not hard to follow and there are plenty of worked examples. The book covers discretization effects and design by emulation (i.e. design of continuous-time control system followed by discretization before implementation) which are not to be found on every book on digital control. Amazon.com: Customer reviews: Digital Control of Dynamic ... Find helpful customer reviews and review ratings for Digital Control of Dynamic Systems (3rd Edition) at Amazon.com. Read honest and unbiased product reviews from our users. Amazon.com: Customer reviews: Digital Control of Dynamic ... 1.1.2 Digital control Digital control systems employ a computer as a fundamental component in the controller. The computer typically receives a measurement of the controlled variable, also often receives the reference input, and produces its output using an algorithm. Introduction to Applied Digital Control From the Back Cover This well-respected, marketleading text discusses the use of digital computers in the real-time control of dynamic systems. The emphasis is on the design of digital controls that achieve good dynamic response and small errors while using signals that are sampled in time and quantized in amplitude. Digital Control of Dynamic Systems (3rd Edition) Test Bank `Among the advantages of digital logic for control are the increased flexibility `of the control programs and the decision-making or logic capability of digital `systems, which can be combined with the dynamic control function to meet `other system requirements. `The digital controls studied in this book are for closed-loop (feedback) Every day, eBookDaily adds three new free Kindle books to several different genres, such as Nonfiction, Business & Investing, Mystery & Thriller, Romance, Teens & Young Adult, Children's Books, and others.

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel6/29/26151/01163502.pdf

Digital control of dynamic systems

Presentacio sobre l'Oficina de Proteccio de Dades Personals de la UAB i la politica Open Science. Va formar part de la conferencia "Les politiques d'Open Data / Open Acces: Implicacions a la recerca" orientada a investigadors i gestors de projectes europeus que va tenir lloc el 20 de setembre de 2018 a la Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona

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General data protection regulation

Indoor wireless localization using Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) beacons has attracted considerable attention after the release of the BLE protocol. In this paper, we propose an algorithm that uses the combination of channel-separate polynomial regression model (PRM), channel-separate fingerprinting (FP), outlier detection and extended Kalman filtering (EKF) for smartphone-based indoor localization with BLE beacons. The proposed algorithm uses FP and PRM to estimate the target’s location and the distances between the target and BLE beacons respectively. We compare the performance of distance estimation that uses separate PRM for three advertisement channels (i.e., the separate strategy) with that use an aggregate PRM generated through the combination of information from all channels (i.e., the aggregate strategy). The performance of FP-based location estimation results of the separate strategy and the aggregate strategy are also compared. It was found that the separate strategy can provide higher accuracy; thus, it is preferred to adopt PRM and FP for each BLE advertisement channel separately. Furthermore, to enhance the robustness of the algorithm, a two-level outlier detection mechanism is designed. Distance and location estimates obtained from PRM and FP are passed to the first outlier detection to generate improved distance estimates for the EKF. After the EKF process, the second outlier detection algorithm based on statistical testing is further performed to remove the outliers. The proposed algorithm was evaluated by various field experiments. Results show that the proposed algorithm achieved the accuracy of <2.56 m at 90% of the time with dense deployment of BLE beacons (1 beacon per 9 m), which performs 35.82% better than <3.99 m from the Propagation Model (PM) + EKF algorithm and 15.77% more accurate than <3.04 m from the FP + EKF algorithm. With sparse deployment (1 beacon per 18 m), the proposed algorithm achieves the accuracies of <3.88 m at 90% of the time, which performs 49.58% more accurate than <8.00 m from the PM + EKF algorithm and 21.41% better than <4.94 m from the FP + EKF algorithm. Therefore, the proposed algorithm is especially useful to improve the localization accuracy in environments with sparse beacon deployment.

Smartphone-Based Indoor Localization with Bluetooth Low Energy Beacons.

The development of light detection and ranging, Radar, camera, and other advanced sensor technologies inaugurated a new era in autonomous driving. However, due to the intrinsic limitations of these sensors, autonomous vehicles are prone to making erroneous decisions and causing serious disasters. At this point, networking and communication technologies can greatly make up for sensor deficiencies, and are more reliable, feasible and efficient to promote the information interaction, thereby improving autonomous vehicle’s perception and planning capabilities as well as realizing better vehicle control. This paper surveys the networking and communication technologies in autonomous driving from two aspects: intra- and inter-vehicle. The intra-vehicle network as the basis of realizing autonomous driving connects the on-board electronic parts. The inter-vehicle network is the medium for interaction between vehicles and outside information. In addition, we present the new trends of communication technologies in autonomous driving, as well as investigate the current mainstream verification methods and emphasize the challenges and open issues of networking and communications in autonomous driving.

Networking and Communications in Autonomous Driving: A Survey

GNSS/INS integrated navigation and positioning technology is widely used for train operations applications seeking a decrease in dependence on trackside equipment. However, during train operations, environmental factors such as bridges, tunnels, hillsides, and buildings will block the satellite signals. When INS works in a stand-alone mode, the system errors accumulate with time due to the inertial sensor characteristics. To overcome this problem, light detection and ranging (lidar) equipment can be introduced to help control INS divergence. The lidar point cloud data is first processed using the random sample consensus (RANSAC) algorithm to determine the track plane, then the moving average filtering (MAF) algorithm is used to detect and classify the rails. The frogs can be detected based on the changing rail number and the constraint condition for turnout parameters. With the assistance of a previously surveyed turnout database, the geographical positions of the detected frogs can be obtained and integrated with INS data to converge INS sensor errors when GNSS is not available. In this paper a lidar-aided GNSS/INS integrated navigation system is proposed that can ensure continuous positioning in both GNSS-available and GNSS-blocked scenarios. GNSS/INS is applied when the system operates in the GNSS-available scenario, and switches to the INS/lidar mode when the GNSS signals are blocked. To evaluate the performance of the proposed system, an actual train experiment was conducted along the Qinghai-Tibet railway. The results confirm that the proposed lidar-aided navigation system can achieve accurate and continuous positioning. When GNSS is not available, the proposed method can effectively suppress the error of INS with a DRMS of 1.66 m, which is a 70.4% improvement compared with a conventional GNSS/INS integrated system.

A Seamless Train Positioning System Using a Lidar-Aided Hybrid Integration Methodology

Train integrity resolution is an important part of a train operation control system. In current train operation control systems, train integrity resolution is achieved by using information on the track circuit or the wind pressure. However, both approaches have limitations; the utilization of the track circuits requires high construction and maintenance costs, and the wind pressure approach has to overcome the problem of low update rate and false alarm caused by the incident pipe leakage. In this paper a new train integrity resolution method based on double-differenced carrier phase relative positioning is proposed. To improve the system performance, an online integer ambiguity fixing method is applied to overcome the frequent integer ambiguity re-fixing problem caused by the high train speed and the complex operational environment. Moreover, the elevation angle constraint optimal distribution based reference satellite selection method is applied to guarantee optimal satellite geometry distribution during train operation. To evaluate the performance of the proposed train integrity resolution method, a real train test was carried out on the Beijing-Shenyang high speed railway. The experimental results show that the proposed train integrity resolution method can provide train integrity solutions with an accuracy of better than 0.5 m, with STD and RMS of 0.15 m and 0.17 m respectively. Compared with the conventional GNSS single point positioning based train integrity method, the proposed method can achieve a much better performance, with an improvement, in this test, of 77%.

A New Train Integrity Resolution Method Based on Online Carrier Phase Relative Positioning

Satellite navigation system, especially the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS), has become a significant resource for many transport branches. It is strongly required that BDS is applied in modern railway transportation systems to support the rapid development of Chinese railway infrastructure and services. Currently, the BDS is still in the developing period, and the existing resources are not sufficient to support integrity assurance for many safety-related railway applications. The aim of this paper is therefore to develop a novel integrity monitoring method for the BDS-based train positioning with assistance from the additional dead reckoning system. In this method, the raw measurements of sensors are fused with the Bayesian filtering, and the self-weight adaptive particle swarm optimization with a combined objective function is involved to achieve an effective solution for the horizontal protection level which indicates the integrity capability. Field data are taken to validate effectiveness of the proposed solution and the advantages of the integrated particle fitness strategy. The implementation of this method will be positive for realizing fault detection and isolation for a series of safety-related railway applications based on BDS.

Particle swarm optimization for integrity monitoring in BDS/DR based railway train positioning

This paper introduces a new approach for optimization controlling the traffic at an unsignalized cooperative intersection under the Cooperative Vehicle Infrastructure System (CVIS) environment. An unsignalized cooperative optimization control method is proposed for effective intersection operations and management based on vehicle speed guidance and information interaction. For the features of information interaction in CVIS, the proposed method that does not require a traffic signal controller at the intersection; instead vehicle speed guidance and “right of way” information optimized by the method will be shown on the DMI of On-Board Unit (OBU). Paper developed an unsignalized cooperative optimization control simulation platform based on the Q-Paramics. Experimental results show that compared with traditional actuated control method, the proposed method can effectively reduce the intersection average delay, number of stops and length of queue.

Unsignalized cooperative optimization control method based on vehicle speed guidance and information interaction

The integration of Precise Point Positioning (PPP) with Inertial Navigation Systems (INS) has been very intensively developed and widely applied in multiple areas. The integrated navigation system is able to provide high accuracy position and attitude with a single receiver. However, the cycle slip caused by high dynamics, signal lock and low satellite elevation will decrease accuracy and degrade the system performance. In this paper, an inertial aided cycle slip detection and repair method is applied in PPP/INS tightly coupled navigation to obtain higher accuracy navigation information. The inertial information is introduced to the wide-lane combination observation to avoid the noise and multipath from pseudorange. Detail error analysis is given to determine the critical value of INS position accuracy which makes inertial aided wide-lane combination have better performance and a new decision variable is constructed. The inertial aided cycle slip detection and repair scheme that replaces the ambiguity re-initialisation is applied in PPP. An experiment was performed to validate the new algorithm. The results indicate that the inertial aided decision variable has higher accuracy than the traditional Melbourne-Wubbena decision variable. The inertial aided scheme can efficiently detect and repair the small cycle slip (from 1 to 6) and large cycle slip (from 10 to 20). The inertial-aided cycle slip detection method introduced in PPP resolution will remove the error by ambiguity re-initialisation.

https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0373463316000023

Jian Wang

Papers

A Seamless Train Positioning System Using a Lidar-Aided Hybrid Integration Methodology

A New Train Integrity Resolution Method Based on Online Carrier Phase Relative Positioning

Particle swarm optimization for integrity monitoring in BDS/DR based railway train positioning

Unsignalized cooperative optimization control method based on vehicle speed guidance and information interaction

Inertial Aided Cycle Slip Detection and Repair for PPP/INS Tightly Coupled Navigation