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Design Of Analog Cmos Integrated Circuits

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Two-dimensional MXenes: From morphological to optical, electric, and magnetic properties and applications

Metal-halide perovskites have rapidly emerged as one of the most promising materials of the 21st century, with many exciting properties and great potential for a broad range of applications, from photovoltaics to optoelectronics and photocatalysis. The ease with which metal-halide perovskites can be synthesized in the form of brightly luminescent colloidal nanocrystals, as well as their tunable and intriguing optical and electronic properties, has attracted researchers from different disciplines of science and technology. In the last few years, there has been a significant progress in the shape-controlled synthesis of perovskite nanocrystals and understanding of their properties and applications. In this comprehensive review, researchers having expertise in different fields (chemistry, physics, and device engineering) of metal-halide perovskite nanocrystals have joined together to provide a state of the art overview and future prospects of metal-halide perovskite nanocrystal research.

State of the Art and Prospects for Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals.

Quantum dots have innate advantages as the key component of optoelectronic devices. For white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs), the modulation of the spectrum and color of the device often involves various quantum dots of different emission wavelengths. Here, we fabricate a series of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) through a scalable acid reagent engineering strategy. The growing electron-withdrawing groups on the surface of CQDs that originated from acid reagents boost their photoluminescence wavelength red shift and raise their particle sizes, elucidating the quantum size effect. These CQDs emit bright and remarkably stable full-color fluorescence ranging from blue to red light and even white light. Full-color emissive polymer films and all types of high-color rendering index WLEDs are synthesized by mixing multiple kinds of CQDs in appropriate ratios. The universal electron-donating/withdrawing group engineering approach for synthesizing tunable emissive CQDs will facilitate the progress of carbon-based luminescent materials for manufacturing forward-looking films and devices.

https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/advances/6/40/eabb6772.full.pdf

Full-color fluorescent carbon quantum dots

High-performance pressure sensors have attracted considerable attention recently due to their promising applications in touch displays, wearable electronics, human–machine interfaces, and real-time physiological signal perception. However, the “functionality” of a sensor is generally incompatible with “simple” fabrication strategies. Therefore, strategies that are less equipment-intensive and less expensive are required for enhancing the sensor performance. Here, we propose a flexible piezoresistive pressure sensor based on MXene–textile prepared by a facile dip-coating process. Benefiting from the excellent electrical properties of MXene and the abundant wavy surface of cotton textile, this pressure sensor exhibits high sensitivity (12.095 kPa−1 for the range 29–40 kPa and 3.844 kPa−1 for the range less than 29 kPa) with a rapid response time of 26 ms, and excellent cycling stability (5600 cycles). The real-time monitoring of human physiological signals such as wrist pulse, voice detection, and finger movements can be achieved by using this MXene–textile sensor. In addition, sensory arrays were successfully applied in the pressure distribution mapping of a key, demonstrating that the pressure sensor can be used as part of wearable devices and human–machine interfaces to sense pressure.

A flexible pressure sensor based on an MXene–textile network structure

In recent times, high-performance flexible pressure sensors that can be fabricated in an environmentally friendly and low-cost manner have received considerable attention owing to their potential applications in wearable health monitors and intelligent soft robotics. This paper proposes a highly sensitive flexible piezoresistive pressure sensor based on hybrid porous microstructures that can be designed and fabricated using a bio-inspired and low-cost approach employing the Epipremnum aureum leaf and sugar as the template. The sensitivity and detection limit of the obtained pressure sensor can be as high and low as 83.9 kPa-1 (<140 Pa) and 0.5 Pa, respectively. According to the mechanism and simulation analyses, the hybrid porous microstructures lower the effective elastic modulus of the sensor and introduce an additional pore resistance, which increases the contact area and conductive path with loads, thereby contributing to the high sensitivity that exceeds that of traditional microstructured pressure sensors. Real-time monitoring of human physiological signals such as finger pressing, voice vibration, swallowing activity, and wrist pulse is demonstrated for the proposed device. The high performance and easy fabrication of the hybrid porous microstructured sensor can encourage the development of a novel approach for the design and fabrication of future pressure sensors.

Highly Sensitive Flexible Piezoresistive Pressure Sensor Developed Using Biomimetically Textured Porous Materials.

Artificial visual system with information sensing, processing, and memory function is promoting the development of artificial intelligence techniques. Photonic synapse as an essential component can enhance the visual information processing efficiency owing to the high propagation speed, low latency, and large bandwidth. Herein, photonic synaptic transistors based on organic semiconductor poly[2,5-(2-octyldodecyl)-3,6-diketopyrrolopyrrole-alt-5,5-(2,5-di(thien-2-yl)thieno [3,2-b]thiophene)] (DPPDTT) and perovskite CsPbBr3 quantum dots are fabricated by a simple solution process. The device can simulate fundamental synaptic behaviors, including excitatory postsynaptic current, pair-pulse facilitation, the transition of short-term memory to long-term memory, and "learning experience" behavior. Combining the advantages of the high photosensitivity of perovskites and relatively high conductivity of DPPDTT, the device can exhibit excellent synaptic performances at a low voltage of -0.2 V. Even under an ultralow operation voltage of -0.0005 V, the device can still show obvious synaptic responses. Tunable synaptic integration behaviors including "AND" and "OR" light logic functions can be realized. An artificial visual system is successfully emulated by illuminating the synaptic arrays employing light of different densities. Therefore, low-voltage synaptic devices based on organic semiconductor and CsPbBr3 quantum dots with a simple fabrication technique present high potential to mimic human visual memory.

Perovskite/Organic Semiconductor-Based Photonic Synaptic Transistor for Artificial Visual System.

Implementing synaptic functions with electronic devices is critical to achieve neuromorphic systems on the hardware platform, as synapses play important roles in brain computing and memory. Synapses modulated by light signals, which are also referred as photonic synapses, can not only make effective use of the outstanding properties of light to provide devices with ultrahigh propagation speed, high bandwidth and low crosstalk but also provide a noncontact writing method, which can facilitate the evolution of optical wireless communication and operation. More importantly, real‐time image processing can also be performed by photonic synapses which possess temporary memory. Thus far, tremendous efforts have been taken to design and fabricate photonic synapses. Herein, a summary of the development of different kinds of emerging materials utilized in photonic synaptic devices including memristors, field‐effect transistors, and phase change memory is presented, followed by the innovative applications of photonic synapses for neuromorphic systems. Finally, some current challenges and future study directions are discussed.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aisy.201900136

Jianhua Zhang

Papers

Full-color fluorescent carbon quantum dots

A flexible pressure sensor based on an MXene–textile network structure

Highly Sensitive Flexible Piezoresistive Pressure Sensor Developed Using Biomimetically Textured Porous Materials.

Perovskite/Organic Semiconductor-Based Photonic Synaptic Transistor for Artificial Visual System.

Recent Progress in Photonic Synapses for Neuromorphic Systems