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Numerical Heat Transfer And Fluid Flow

Solar-energy conversion usually takes one of two forms: the 'quantum' approach, which uses the large per-photon energy of solar radiation to excite electrons, as in photovoltaic cells, or the 'thermal' approach, which uses concentrated sunlight as a thermal-energy source to indirectly produce electricity using a heat engine. Here we present a new concept for solar electricity generation, photon-enhanced thermionic emission, which combines quantum and thermal mechanisms into a single physical process. The device is based on thermionic emission of photoexcited electrons from a semiconductor cathode at high temperature. Temperature-dependent photoemission-yield measurements from GaN show strong evidence for photon-enhanced thermionic emission, and calculated efficiencies for idealized devices can exceed the theoretical limits of single-junction photovoltaic cells. The proposed solar converter would operate at temperatures exceeding 200 degrees C, enabling its waste heat to be used to power a secondary thermal engine, boosting theoretical combined conversion efficiencies above 50%.

http://absimage.aps.org/image/MAR10/MWS_MAR10-2009-006451.pdf

Photon Enhanced Thermionic Emission for Solar Concentrator Systems

Hydrogen in energy transition: A review

Thermoelectric cooler and thermoelectric generator devices: A review of present and potential applications, modeling and materials

Current status, research trends, and challenges in water electrolysis science and technology

Modeling NOx emissions from coal-fired utility boilers using support vector regression with ant colony optimization

• Cooling plates with different coolant channels designed and evaluated based on CFD simulation. • Z-score method to evaluate effects by various inlet flow rates. • Better cooling performance by two cooling plates sandwiching one battery module. • Cooling plate design with multiple small flow channel optimized. Lithium-ion battery pack is widely used in electric vehicles (EVs), for which reasonable heat dissipation measures must be taken to keep battery working in a suitable temperature range. Liquid cooling is popular for its efficient heat dissipation performance. In order to evaluate the effect of layout and channel design of cooling plates on the heat dissipation of a battery module, numerical modeling and analyses were carried out. Two arrangements of the cooling plates with different coolant channels (i.e., single channel, multiple small channels, and S-shaped channel) are discussed. The Z-score method is applied to evaluate the six cooling plate designs with various inlet flow rates. It is found that the design with two cooling plates sandwiching one battery module shows a better cooling performance. In terms of the channel structures, the comprehensive performance of the cooling plates with multiple small flow channels is optimal, when inlet flow rate is between 7.817 × 10 −4 kg s −1 ∼ 0.0105 kg s −1 under the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) condition. 

Simulation of cooling plate effect on a battery module with different channel arrangement

Current status and challenges of the ammonia escape inhibition technologies in ammonia-based CO2 capture process

In addition to electricity generation, phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC) produces a significant amount of waste heat. In this study, a hybrid system mainly consisting of a PAFC, a thermoelectric generator, and a thermoelectric cooler is proposed to recover the produced waste heat aiming for performance enhancement. Considering thermodynamic and electrochemical irreversible losses within the system, an analytical relationship between the dimensionless electric current of the thermoelectric element and the current density of the PAFC is derived. Analytical formulas for power density and efficiency of the hybrid system are derived. The characteristics and the optimum criteria evaluating the performance parameters are revealed for the studied system. Numerical solutions show that the power density and efficiency of the hybrid system allow 2.3% and 2.8% larger than that of a stand-alone PAFC, respectively. The present hybrid system is found to be feasible and effective. Comprehensive parametric studies are conducted to analyze the effects of operating conditions and design parameters on the proposed system. The conclusions drawn can provide theoretical guidance for PAFC performance enhancements and system designs.

Performance analyzes of an integrated phosphoric acid fuel cell and thermoelectric device system for power and cooling cogeneration

To ensure optimum working conditions for lithium-ion batteries, a numerical study is carried out for three-dimensional temperature distribution of a battery liquid cooling system in this work. The effect of channel size and inlet boundary conditions are evaluated on the temperature field of the battery modules. Based on the thermal behavior of discharging battery obtained experimental measurements, two temperature control strategies are proposed and studied. The results show that the channel width of the cooling plates has a great influence on the maximum temperature in the battery module. It is also revealed that increasing inlet water flow rate can significantly improve the heat transfer capacity of the battery thermal management system, while the relationship between them is not proportional. Lowering the inlet temperature can reduce the maximum temperature predicted in the battery module significantly. However, this will also lead to additional energy consumed by the cooling system. It is also found that the Scheme 5 among various temperature control strategies can ensure the battery pack working in the best temperature range in different depths of discharge. Compared with the traditional one with a given flow rate, the parasitic energy consumption in Scheme 5 can be reduced by around 80%.

Jiapei Zhao

Papers

Modeling NOx emissions from coal-fired utility boilers using support vector regression with ant colony optimization

Simulation of cooling plate effect on a battery module with different channel arrangement

Current status and challenges of the ammonia escape inhibition technologies in ammonia-based CO2 capture process

Performance analyzes of an integrated phosphoric acid fuel cell and thermoelectric device system for power and cooling cogeneration

Modeling and Analysis of Heat Dissipation for Liquid Cooling Lithium-Ion Batteries