다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

The stability of two-dimensional (2D) layers and membranes is subject of a long standing theoretical debate. According to the so called Mermin-Wagner theorem, long wavelength fluctuations destroy the long-range order for 2D crystals. Similarly, 2D membranes embedded in a 3D space have a tendency to be crumpled. These dangerous fluctuations can, however, be suppressed by anharmonic coupling between bending and stretching modes making that a two-dimensional membrane can exist but should present strong height fluctuations. The discovery of graphene, the first truly 2D crystal and the recent experimental observation of ripples in freely hanging graphene makes these issues especially important. Beside the academic interest, understanding the mechanisms of stability of graphene is crucial for understanding electronic transport in this material that is attracting so much interest for its unusual Dirac spectrum and electronic properties. Here we address the nature of these height fluctuations by means of straightforward atomistic Monte Carlo simulations based on a very accurate many-body interatomic potential for carbon. We find that ripples spontaneously appear due to thermal fluctuations with a size distribution peaked around 70 \AA which is compatible with experimental findings (50-100 \AA) but not with the current understanding of stability of flexible membranes. This unexpected result seems to be due to the multiplicity of chemical bonding in carbon.

Intrinsic ripples in graphene

Heterocyclic pyrrole molecules are in situ aligned and polymerized in the -absence of an oxidant between layers of the 2D Ti3C2Tx (MXene), resulting in high volumetric and gravimetric capacitances with capacitance retention of 92% after 25,000 cycles at a 100 mV s(-1) scan rate.

Pseudocapacitive Electrodes Produced By Oxidant-Free Polymerization of Pyrrole Between the Layers of 2D Titanium Carbide (MXene)

2D MXenes: Electromagnetic property for microwave absorption and electromagnetic interference shielding

Electromagnetic Response and Energy Conversion for Functions and Devices in Low‐Dimensional Materials

Graphene has been long sought-after over the past few decades because of its multiple functions and broad applications in various fields, such as energy, information, medicine, military equipments, and aerospace. In particular, it has been significantly reported in electromagnetic wave absorbing and shielding fields, promoting it as the most cutting-edge topic. Herein, we systematically comb the structures and electromagnetic functions of graphene hybrids. We demonstrate the advances in the microwave response mechanism, including relaxation, charge transport, magnetic resonance, and eddy currents, as well as magnetic-dielectric synergistic effects. Furthermore, our review mainly focuses on graphene-dispersed systems, flexible graphene papers, graphene hybrids, and 3D graphene architectures.

Jin-Cheng Shu

Papers

2D MXenes: Electromagnetic property for microwave absorption and electromagnetic interference shielding

Electromagnetic Response and Energy Conversion for Functions and Devices in Low‐Dimensional Materials

Graphene nanohybrids: excellent electromagnetic properties for the absorbing and shielding of electromagnetic waves

Confinedly tailoring Fe3O4 clusters-NG to tune electromagnetic parameters and microwave absorption with broadened bandwidth

Diverse Metal–Organic Framework Architectures for Electromagnetic Absorbers and Shielding