There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

This paper reviews the current status and implementation of battery chargers, charging power levels, and infrastructure for plug-in electric vehicles and hybrids. Charger systems are categorized into off-board and on-board types with unidirectional or bidirectional power flow. Unidirectional charging limits hardware requirements and simplifies interconnection issues. Bidirectional charging supports battery energy injection back to the grid. Typical on-board chargers restrict power because of weight, space, and cost constraints. They can be integrated with the electric drive to avoid these problems. The availability of charging infrastructure reduces on-board energy storage requirements and costs. On-board charger systems can be conductive or inductive. An off-board charger can be designed for high charging rates and is less constrained by size and weight. Level 1 (convenience), Level 2 (primary), and Level 3 (fast) power levels are discussed. Future aspects such as roadbed charging are presented. Various power level chargers and infrastructure configurations are presented, compared, and evaluated based on amount of power, charging time and location, cost, equipment, and other factors.

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Review of Battery Charger Topologies, Charging Power Levels, and Infrastructure for Plug-In Electric and Hybrid Vehicles

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/5610941/5624686/05624745.pdf

Power electronics

Energy storage systems (ESSs) are enabling technologies for well-established and new applications such as power peak shaving, electric vehicles, integration of renewable energies, etc. This paper presents a review of ESSs for transport and grid applications, covering several aspects as the storage technology, the main applications, and the power converters used to operate some of the energy storage technologies. Special attention is given to the different applications, providing a deep description of the system and addressing the most suitable storage technology. The main objective of this paper is to introduce the subject and to give an updated reference to nonspecialist, academic, and engineers in the field of power electronics.

Energy Storage Systems for Transport and Grid Applications

The issue of renewable energy is becoming significant due to increasing power demand, instability of the rising oil prices and environmental problems. Among the various renewable energy sources, fuel cell is gaining more popularity due to their higher efficiency, cleanliness and cost-effective supply of power demanded by the consumers. This paper presents a comprehensive review of different fuel cell technologies with their working principle, advantages, disadvantages and suitability of applications for residential/grid-connected system, transportation, industries and commercial applications. Development of mathematical model of fuel cell required for simulation study is discussed. This paper also focuses on the necessity of a suitable power-conditioning unit required to interface the fuel cell system with standalone/grid applications.

A review on fuel cell technologies and power electronic interface

This study aimed to compare and analyze the output characteristics of second-generation high-temperature superconducting racetrack coils with insulation, metal-insulation (MI), non-insulation (NI), and smart-insulation (SI). First, the output characteristics of each coil were experimentally validated, and circuit equations were examined to analyze these characteristics. The output characteristics were found to be affected by the turn-to-turn resistance. Circuit analysis was used to identify the nature of dependence of output characteristics on turn-to-turn resistance in addition to internal behavior and other mechanisms. In particular, an equation relating the output characteristics of the SI coil with temperature change was derived, and each coil model was simulated using the circuit equation. Then, the simulation results were analyzed, the advantages and disadvantages of each insulation method were discussed, and the validity of the simulation was confirmed. The circuit simulation proposed in this study is expected to facilitate advanced predictions in smart insulation material candidate groups.

Charging Characteristics of 2G HTS Coils With Insulation, Metal-Insulation, Non-Insulation, and Smart-Insulation Using Circuit Simulations

Bldc motor for driving a cooling fan for use in a car

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/20/15516/00717833.pdf

A Method for Re of Cogging Torque in Brushle ution of Magnetization by 3

An apparatus for diagnosing a demagnetization state of a permanent magnet motor according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a back electromotive force measuring unit which measures a back electromotive force of a permanent magnet; a Fourier transform unit which performs fast Fourier transform of the back electromagnetic force; and a demagnetization state diagnosing unit which diagnoses the demagnetization state of the permanent magnet by using a predetermined value and a harmonic back electromagnetic force in which the fast Fourier transform is performed. Accordingly, the present invention can accurately determine the irreversible demagnetization of the permanent magnet motor.

Apparatus and Method for monitoring demagnetization of permanent magnet motors

Magnetic materials are used for all kinds of electromagnetic energy-conversion devices to improve the capability of magnetic circuit. Iron Powder Materials are recently received much attention in the electric machine aplications due to their advantages over lamination steels, such as low iron losses and large fill factor. This paper describes an BLDC motor with iron powder materials and its perfomances are compare with the Iron Powder Materials and lamination core in BLDC motor.

Jin Hur

Papers

Charging Characteristics of 2G HTS Coils With Insulation, Metal-Insulation, Non-Insulation, and Smart-Insulation Using Circuit Simulations

Bldc motor for driving a cooling fan for use in a car

A Method for Re of Cogging Torque in Brushle ution of Magnetization by 3

Apparatus and Method for monitoring demagnetization of permanent magnet motors

Characteristic Comparisons Between Iron Powder Materials and Lamination Cores on Brushless Motors