There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

This paper reviews the current status and implementation of battery chargers, charging power levels, and infrastructure for plug-in electric vehicles and hybrids. Charger systems are categorized into off-board and on-board types with unidirectional or bidirectional power flow. Unidirectional charging limits hardware requirements and simplifies interconnection issues. Bidirectional charging supports battery energy injection back to the grid. Typical on-board chargers restrict power because of weight, space, and cost constraints. They can be integrated with the electric drive to avoid these problems. The availability of charging infrastructure reduces on-board energy storage requirements and costs. On-board charger systems can be conductive or inductive. An off-board charger can be designed for high charging rates and is less constrained by size and weight. Level 1 (convenience), Level 2 (primary), and Level 3 (fast) power levels are discussed. Future aspects such as roadbed charging are presented. Various power level chargers and infrastructure configurations are presented, compared, and evaluated based on amount of power, charging time and location, cost, equipment, and other factors.

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Review of Battery Charger Topologies, Charging Power Levels, and Infrastructure for Plug-In Electric and Hybrid Vehicles

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/5610941/5624686/05624745.pdf

Power electronics

Energy storage systems (ESSs) are enabling technologies for well-established and new applications such as power peak shaving, electric vehicles, integration of renewable energies, etc. This paper presents a review of ESSs for transport and grid applications, covering several aspects as the storage technology, the main applications, and the power converters used to operate some of the energy storage technologies. Special attention is given to the different applications, providing a deep description of the system and addressing the most suitable storage technology. The main objective of this paper is to introduce the subject and to give an updated reference to nonspecialist, academic, and engineers in the field of power electronics.

Energy Storage Systems for Transport and Grid Applications

The issue of renewable energy is becoming significant due to increasing power demand, instability of the rising oil prices and environmental problems. Among the various renewable energy sources, fuel cell is gaining more popularity due to their higher efficiency, cleanliness and cost-effective supply of power demanded by the consumers. This paper presents a comprehensive review of different fuel cell technologies with their working principle, advantages, disadvantages and suitability of applications for residential/grid-connected system, transportation, industries and commercial applications. Development of mathematical model of fuel cell required for simulation study is discussed. This paper also focuses on the necessity of a suitable power-conditioning unit required to interface the fuel cell system with standalone/grid applications.

A review on fuel cell technologies and power electronic interface

This paper presents the construction method of equivalent circuit and optimization of design variables in single-phase permanent-split capacitor induction motor. For the equivalent circuit, we propose the calculation method of magnetizing reactance according to slip from the circuit equation. Simulation results are compared with experimental results in the characteristics of 4 different models of the motors. The sequential quadratic programming (SQP) is applied to solve the optimal design.

A construction method of equivalent circuit and optimization of design variables in single-phase permanent-split capacitor induction motor

This paper analyzes fault tolerance under a stator turn fault, according to the winding configuration. Improvement of torque characteristics and fault tolerance can be achieved by winding configuration without additional methods. And, torque characteristics and fault tolerance according to the winding configuration can be usually analyzed by analytical method. But, when the stator turn fault generates, compare to the steady-state, analysis of torque characteristics and fault tolerance using the analytical method is not accurate because it does not reflect influence in mutual inductance and magnetic non-linearity. Therefore, analysis of torque characteristics and fault tolerance has to be performed by using the numerical method under fault condition. This paper develops fault characteristics according to the winding configuration using the FEM-base model considered magnetic non-linearity. And, this paper suggests fault tolerance improvement according to the winding configuration, by the comparison of 8/12 and 10/12 models, under fault condition.

http://www.ndsl.kr/soc_img/society/kiee/DHJGII/2011/v60n3/DHJGII_2011_v60n3_524.pdf

Fault Tolerance Improvement of IPM Type BLDC Motor Considering Winding Configuration under a Stator Inter-Turn Fault Condition

This paper proposes an impedance diagnosis algorism for detecting of an Inter-Turn Fault (ITF) in an Interior Permanent Magnet (IPM) type motor. The measuring technique of the negative phase impedance is unsuitable to the early fault diagnosis because when the turn fault occurred, the protective relay already operated. The proposed impedance diagnosis algorithm diagnoses the ITF through comparison between using the input voltage and the input current and using the inductance. This algorism is keeping the ITF under constant surveillance and can supply warning through continuous calculation. The simulations show that the impedance diagnosis algorism is feasible. That is helpful about early detection of the ITF.

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/6410225/6422487/06422523.pdf

Impedance diagnosis algorism for detecting of Inter-Turn Fault in IPM type motor

This paper describes a model based fault detection algorithm for an Advanced ESC System which consists of Hydraulic Control Unit (HCU) with built-in wheel pressure sensors. Advanced ESC System can be used for various value-added functions such as Stop & Go Function and Regenerative Brake Function. Therefore, HCU must have a reliable fault detection. Due to the huge amount of sensor signals, existing specific sensor based fault detection of HCU cannot guarantee the safety of vehicle. However, proposed algorithm dose not require the sensors. When model based fault detection algorithm detects severe failures of the HCU, it warns the driver in advance to prevent accidents due to the failures. For this purpose, a mathematical model is developed and validated in comparison to actual data. Simulation results and data acquired from an actual system are compared with each other to obtain the information needed for the fault detection process.

Jin Hur

Papers

A construction method of equivalent circuit and optimization of design variables in single-phase permanent-split capacitor induction motor

Fault Tolerance Improvement of IPM Type BLDC Motor Considering Winding Configuration under a Stator Inter-Turn Fault Condition

Impedance diagnosis algorism for detecting of Inter-Turn Fault in IPM type motor

Model Based Fault Detection for Advanced ESC System

A Study on the Characteristics of a Helical Shaped Connector for Automotive