Showing papers by "Jirong Yu published in 2022"
TL;DR: Although there are substantial differences in diagnostic criteria, sarcopenia is highly prevalent in dialysis patients and is linked to increased mortality.
Abstract: There is no consensus on the prevalence of sarcopenia or its impact on mortality in end‐stage renal disease patients undergoing dialysis. This review aimed to summarize the diagnostic criteria of sarcopenia and its prevalence and impact on the mortality of end‐stage renal disease patients undergoing dialysis. Embase, MEDLINE, PubMed, and Cochrane Library were searched from inception to 8 May 2021 to retrieve eligible studies that assessed muscle mass by commonly used instruments, such as dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry, bioelectrical impedance analysis, magnetic resonance imaging, and body composition monitor. Two assessment tools matched to study designs were employed to evaluate study quality. Pooled sarcopenia prevalence was calculated with 95% confidence interval (CI), and heterogeneity was estimated using the I2 test. Associations of sarcopenia with mortality were expressed as hazard ratio (HR) and 95% CI. The search identified 3272 studies, and 30 studies (6162 participants, mean age from 47.5 to 77.5 years) were analysed in this review. The risk of bias in the included studies was low to moderate. Twenty‐two studies defined sarcopenia based on low muscle mass (LMM) plus low muscle strength and/or low physical performance, while eight studies used LMM alone. Muscle mass was assessed by different instruments, and a wide range of cut‐off points were used to define LMM. Overall, sarcopenia prevalence was 28.5% (95% CI 22.9–34.1%) and varied from 25.9% (I2 = 94.9%, 95% CI 20.4–31.3%; combined criteria) to 34.6% (I2 = 98.1%, 95% CI 20.9–48.2%; LMM alone) (P = 0.247 between subgroups). The statistically significant differences were not found in the subgroups of diagnostic criteria (P > 0.05) and dialysis modality (P > 0.05). Additionally, the sarcopenia prevalence could not be affected by average age [regression coefficient 0.004 (95% CI: −0.005 to 0.012), P = 0.406] and dialysis duration [regression coefficient 0.002 (95% CI −0.002 to 0.005), P = 0.327] in the meta‐regression. The pooled analyses showed that combined criteria of sarcopenia were related to a higher mortality risk [HR 1.82 (I2 = 26.3%, 95% CI 1.38–2.39)], as was LMM [HR 1.61 (I2 = 26.0%, 95% CI 1.31–1.99)] and low muscle strength [HR 2.04 (I2 = 80.4%, 95% CI 1.19–3.5)]. Although there are substantial differences in diagnostic criteria, sarcopenia is highly prevalent in dialysis patients and is linked to increased mortality. The standardization of sarcopenia diagnostic criteria would be beneficial, and future longitudinal studies are needed to investigate the prevalence and prognostic value of sarcopenia in dialysis patients.
48 citations
TL;DR: To add depth to the bridging role of systemic chronic inflammation, a plausible mechanism indispensable for BBB corruption was highlighted; namely, BBB maintenance cues are affected by inflammatory cytokines, which may help to understand how GM and its metabolites play a major role in NF&ND and aging.
Abstract: It has been noticed in recent years that the unfavorable effects of the gut microbiota could exhaust host vigor and life, yet knowledge and theory are just beginning to be established. Increasing documentation suggests that the microbiota–gut–brain axis not only impacts brain cognition and psychiatric symptoms but also precipitates neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis (MS). How the blood–brain barrier (BBB), a machinery protecting the central nervous system (CNS) from the systemic circulation, allows the risky factors derived from the gut to be translocated into the brain seems paradoxical. For the unique anatomical, histological, and immunological properties underpinning its permeable dynamics, the BBB has been regarded as a biomarker associated with neural pathogenesis. The BBB permeability of mice and rats caused by GM dysbiosis raises the question of how the GM and its metabolites change BBB permeability and causes the brain pathophysiology of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration (NF&ND) and brain aging, a pivotal multidisciplinary field tightly associated with immune and chronic systemic inflammation. If not all, gut microbiota-induced systemic chronic inflammation (GM-SCI) mainly refers to excessive gut inflammation caused by gut mucosal immunity dysregulation, which is often influenced by dietary components and age, is produced at the interface of the intestinal barrier (IB) or exacerbated after IB disruption, initiates various common chronic diseases along its dispersal routes, and eventually impairs BBB integrity to cause NF&ND and brain aging. To illustrate the immune roles of the BBB in pathophysiology affected by inflammatory or “leaky” IB resulting from GM and their metabolites, we reviewed the selected publications, including the role of the BBB as the immune barrier, systemic chronic inflammation and inflammation influences on BBB permeability, NF&ND, and brain aging. To add depth to the bridging role of systemic chronic inflammation, a plausible mechanism indispensable for BBB corruption was highlighted; namely, BBB maintenance cues are affected by inflammatory cytokines, which may help to understand how GM and its metabolites play a major role in NF&ND and aging.
38 citations
TL;DR: The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of depression among individuals with sarcopenia and to ascertain whether sarc Openia is independently associated with depression.
Abstract: Depression may be the most common cause of emotional distress later in life and can significantly reduce the quality of life in elderly individuals. Sarcopenia is a syndrome characterized by the continuous loss of skeletal muscle mass and decreased strength and function. In recent years, many studies have shown a correlation between sarcopenia and depression. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of depression among individuals with sarcopenia and to ascertain whether sarcopenia is independently associated with depression.
30 citations
TL;DR: A systematic literature search was performed from the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, MEDLINE and Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process, in-Data-Review, and Other Non-Indexed Citations, Daily and Versions for observational studies from inception until February 2021, and their search was updated on December 31, 2021 as discussed by the authors .
12 citations
TL;DR: Among middle-aged and older adults of multiple ethnicities in western China, it is found that higher AST/ALT and lower INS*PA levels are associated with an increased prevalence of sarcopenia.
Abstract: Background Sarcopenia is an age-related clinical condition and associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes. However, to date, there is no global standard for the diagnosis of sarcopenia, and fewer serum biomarkers have been suggested for the diagnosis of sarcopenia. It is, thus, important that sarcopenia-related serological diagnostic markers be explored. The present study was based on the Asian Working Group on Sarcopenia 2019 (AWGS 2019) criteria to assess whether aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase (AST/ALT) ratio and fasting insulin*prealbumin (INS*PA) product are diagnostic markers associated with sarcopenia in various ethnic groups in western China. Methods This cross-sectional study included 4,099 adults (1,471 men and 2,628 women) from the West China Health and Aging Trend (WCHAT) study. The value of serum biomarkers was based on laboratory data. The accompanying metabolic disorders and the associated parameters were evaluated. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the association between markers and sarcopenia. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of the test in differentiating sarcopenia. Results Binary regression analysis showed that high serum AST/ALT (OR = 2.247) and adrenal cortisol (PTC, OR = 1.511), low serum INS*PA (OR = 2.970), free triiodothyronine (FT3, OR = 1.313), 25-OH-VitD (VitD, in male participants, OR = 1.817), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP, in female subjects, OR = 1.250) were independent risk factors for sarcopenia (P < 0.05). AST/ALT and INS*PA were not affected by metabolic factors and had better diagnostic efficacy for sarcopenia. The AUC of the INS*PA was the highest (0.705, 0.706, and 0.701, respectively, P < 0.05), followed by that of the AST/ALT (0.680, 0.675, and 0.695, respectively, P < 0.05). The AUC of the AST/ALT/(INS*PA)*10,000 used to diagnose sarcopenia was 0.727. Conclusion Among middle-aged and older adults of multiple ethnicities in western China, we found that higher AST/ALT and lower INS*PA levels are associated with an increased prevalence of sarcopenia. Since these serum biomarkers are inexpensive and can be obtained easily from biochemical routine, regular follow-up of AST/ALT and INS*PA may be an effective strategy in sarcopenia screening and management.
10 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , a cross-sectional study using a random crossover design in the grip strength test with two dynamometers was conducted, and the CAMRY EH101 dynamometer was regarded as the reference device.
Abstract: The Jamar hydraulic dynamometer is a widely recognized tool for measuring grip strength. Nevertheless, the devices used most often in Asian countries are spring-type dynamometers, represented by the CAMRY dynamometer or Smedley dynamometer. We aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the CAMRY dynamometer compared with the Jamar dynamometer.This was a cross-sectional study using a random crossover design in the grip strength test with two dynamometers. A total of 1064 healthy community-dwelling older adults aged 50-90 years old, which included 686 minorities and 378 Han Chinese, were recruited into the study from July to September 2021. We assessed the reliability and validity of the CAMRY EH101 dynamometer, and the Jamar dynamometer was regarded as the reference device. The order of testing with two dynamometers was randomized in a 1:1 ratio, with a 10-min gap between the two devices. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and Bland-Altman analysis were calculated to assess reliability and validity between the two devices.The average handgrip strength (HGS) values at six times by the Jamar and CAMRY devices were 25.0 ± 7.9 kg and 24.6 ± 7.5 kg, respectively. The ICC values between the two devices were 0.815-0.854, and the systematic bias underestimated by the CAMRY dynamometer was 0.5 kg in men and 0.6 kg in women. We carried out a linear regression equation by sex, and their relationship was found as follows: male HGS (kg)Jamar = 8.001 + 0.765 × HGS (kg)CAMRY; female HGS (kg)Jamar = 3.681 + 0.840 × HGS (kg)CAMRY.The CAMRY EH101 dynamometer provides excellent reliability and validity. This device can serve as a reliable, inexpensive, and practical device to assess grip strength in geriatric clinical practice.Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR2100046367 ; Date of clinical trial reistration: 15/05/2021.
8 citations
TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper evaluated and compared associations of some better popularized nutritional risk-related indexes with sarcopenia presence and their value in diagnosis in community-dwelling middle-aged and elderly adults, including geriatric nutrition risk index (GNRI), albumin (ALB), calf circumference (CC), mid-arm circumference (MAC), triceps skinfold thickness (TST), and body mass index (BMI).
Abstract: Abstract Objective Standard modalities recommended for sarcopenia diagnosis may be unavailable in primary care settings. We aimed to comprehensively evaluate and compare associations of some better popularized nutritional risk-related indexes with sarcopenia presence and their value in sarcopenia diagnosis in community-dwelling middle-aged and elderly adults, including geriatric nutrition risk index (GNRI), albumin (ALB), calf circumference (CC), mid-arm circumference (MAC), triceps skinfold thickness (TST) and body mass index (BMI). Methods Based on the West China Health and Aging Trend study, the current study included participants aged 50 or older who were recruited in 2018. Sarcopenia-related assessment and diagnosis were in line with Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019. For each single index, we assessed its association with sarcopenia presence by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis; we also computed diagnostic measures including the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and sensitivity, specificity, accuracy at the optimal cut-off value determined according to Youden’s index. Results A total of 3829 subjects were included, consisting of 516 and 3313 subjects in the sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia groups, respectively. Regarding the risk for sarcopenia presence, the fully adjusted odds ratios of GNRI, ALB, CC, MAC, TST and BMI per standard deviation decrease were 2.95 (95% CI 2.51–3.47, P < 0.001), 1.01 (95% CI 0.90–1.15, P = 0.816), 4.56 (95% CI 3.82–5.44, P < 0.001), 4.24 (95% CI 3.56–5.05, P < 0.001), 1.67 (95% CI 1.92–1.45, P < 0.001) and 4.09 (95% CI 3.41–4.91, P < 0.001), respectively. Regarding the value in sarcopenia diagnosis in the entire study population, their AUCs could be ordered as MAC (0.85, 95% CI 0.83–0.86) > GNRI (0.80, 95% CI 0.78–0.82), CC (0.83, 95% CI 0.81–0.85), BMI (0.81, 95% CI 0.79–0.83) > TST (0.72, 95% CI 0.70–0.74) > ALB (0.62, 95% CI 0.60–0.65). At the relevant optimal cut-off values, the sensitivity was the highest for CC (0.83, 95% CI 0.80–0.87) and MAC (0.80, 95% CI 0.77–0.84), while GNRI showed the highest specificity (0.79, 95% CI 0.78–0.81) and accuracy (0.78, 95% 0.76–0.79). Conclusion Overall diagnostic performance was the best for MAC, followed by GNRI, CC, BMI, and the worst for TST, ALB in distinguishing sarcopenia from non-sarcopenia in middle-aged and elderly adults in community-based settings. CC or MAC might do better in reducing missed diagnosis, while GNRI was superior in reducing misdiagnosis.
7 citations
TL;DR: Motoric cognitive risk syndrome characterized by subjective cognitive complaints and slow gait has been proposed and validated as a pre‐dementia syndrome and the associated factors are poorly understood in middle‐aged to older community‐dwelling residents in west China.
Abstract: Motoric cognitive risk (MCR) syndrome characterized by subjective cognitive complaints and slow gait has been proposed and validated as a pre‐dementia syndrome. The overall and specific ethnic prevalence of MCR and the associated factors are poorly understood in middle‐aged to older community‐dwelling residents in west China.
6 citations
TL;DR: The findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that TT and fT were significantly associated with frailty in older men but not women.
6 citations
TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors investigated the relationship between uric acid (UA) and sarcopenia in community-dwelling adults of West China using the baseline data of WCHAT study.
Abstract: Sarcopenia is the decline in muscle strength and mass attributed to aging. The pathogenesis of sarcopenia may be triggered by oxidative stress and uric acid (UA) has strong antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between UA and sarcopenia in community-dwelling adults of West China using the baseline data of West China Health and Aging Trend (WCHAT) study.A cross-sectional study.4236 adults aged 50 years or older in communities of west China were enrolled in this study. We applied Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2019 criteria to define sarcopenia. Muscle mass was measured using skeletal muscle index (SMI) based on bioimpedance analysis (BIA). Handgrip strength (HGS) and gait speed (GS) were recorded, respectively. Different variables like anthropometry measures, life styles, chronic disease and blood test were collected. General linear model was done to investigate the relationship between UA and HGS/GS/SMI, adjusting age, ethnic groups, sleeping quality, education level, cognitive function, smoking history, drinking history, ADL score, and chronic disease.Participants were grouped according to UA quartiles by gender. After adjusting for potential confounders, a negative association between serum UA levels and sarcopenia was shown both in men and women. And a significant association between serum UA levels and HGS in women was shown as an inverted J shape. Besides, a positive association between the UA quartiles and SMI was observed, irrespective of gender.Our results showed that higher uric acid levels were significantly correlated with higher muscle mass and grip strength among Chinese adults aged over 50. Higher UA serum levels might slow down the progression of sarcopenia.
6 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors identified the prevalence and prognostic value of preexisting sarcopenia on patients with Mechanical Ventilation (MV) patient health outcomes by searching MEDLINE, Embase and the Cochrane library and were searched for all articles published as of December 2021.
Abstract: Sarcopenia is defined as age-related loss of muscle mass, strength, and/or function in the context of aging. Mechanical ventilation (MV) is one of the most frequently used critical care technologies in critically ill patients. The prevalence of preexisting sarcopenia and the clinical impact of its prognostic value on patients with MV are unclear. This review sought to identify the prevalence and prognostic value of preexisting sarcopenia on MV patient health outcomes.Relevant studies were identified by searching MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane library and were searched for all articles published as of December 2021. The prevalence of sarcopenia was determined using the authors' definitions from the original studies. Comparisons were made between patients who did and did not have sarcopenia for prognostic outcomes, including mortality, the number of days of MV, the length of intensive care unit stay, and the length of hospital stay. Odds ratios (ORs) and weighted mean differences with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used for pooled analyses of the relationships between sarcopenia and prognostic outcomes.The initial search identified 1333 studies, 17 of which met the eligibility criteria for the quantitative analysis, including 3582 patients. The pooled prevalence was 43.0% (95% CI 34.0-51.0%; I2 = 96.7%). The pooled analyses showed that sarcopenia was related to increased mortality (OR 2.13; 95% CI 1.70, 2.67; I2 = 45.0%), longer duration of MV (MD = 1.22; 95% CI 0.39, 2.05; I2 = 97.0%), longer days of ICU stay (MD = 1.31; 95% CI 0.43, 2.19; I2 = 97.0%), and hospital stay (MD 2.73; 95% CI 0.58, 4.88; I2 = 98.0%) in patients with MV.The prevalence of sarcopenia is relatively high in patients with MV, and it will have a negative impact on the prognosis of patients. However, further, large-scale, high-quality prospective cohort studies are required.
TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper examined the relationship between vitamin D status, physical activity, PA levels, obesity and sarcopenia in community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults.
Abstract: The relationship between vitamin D and sarcopenia was inconsistent between men and women. Physical activity (PA) may interact with vitamin D on sarcopenia. However, the sex-specific relationships of vitamin D, PA and sarcopenia have yet elucidated. We aimed to examine the sex differences in the relation between vitamin D status, PA levels, obesity and sarcopenia in community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults, as well as whether vitamin D status is a modifier in the relationship between PA and sarcopenia.The current study was a cross-sectional study based on the baseline survey of the West China Health and Aging Trend (WCHAT) study. A total of 3713 participants aged ≥ 50y were included in our study. Sarcopenia was defined according to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2019 consensus. Obesity was defined by body mass index (BMI) (≥ 28 kg/m2) and body fat mass percentage (≥ 60th percentile in each sex group). 25-hydroxyvitamin D was measured by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay and PA was evaluated by a validated China Leisure Time Physical Activity Questionnaire (CLTPAQ). Multinomial logistic regression was performed to examine the relationship between PA, vitamin D and sarcopenia and obesity.Low PA was significantly associated with higher odds of sarcopenia in women only (OR = 1.70,95%CI:1.18,2.46, p < 0.01). Vitamin D deficiency was only associated with sarcopenia in men (OR = 1.85,95%CI: 1.27,2.69, p < 0.01). Low PA was significantly associated with obesity, sarcopenia, and sarcopenic obesity only in participants with serum 25(OH)D < 20 ng/ml.The role of vitamin D and PA in obesity and sarcopenia was different between men and women, and the relationship between PA and sarcopenia was modified by serum vitamin D status. These findings highlighted the need to supplement vitamin D in individuals with physical inactivity and provide different interventions strategies to sarcopenia in men and women.Clinical trial number: ChiCTR1800018895.
TL;DR: Older adults with dual sensory impairment are more likely to be frail than those with no impairment, suggesting that interventions to improve sensory function may potentially help reduce the risk of frailty in older adults.
Abstract: Objective Hearing and vision loss have been independently associated with frailty in older adults, but the relationship between concurrent hearing and visual impairment (dual sensory impairment) and frailty is not well understood. Therefore, we aimed to examine whether dual sensory impairment is associated with frailty in older adults. Methods This cross-sectional study was based on the data from the West China Health and Aging Trend (WCHAT) study of community-dwelling individuals aged 60 years and older. Frailty status was evaluated by the FRAIL scale and categorized as robust, prefrail and frail. Hearing and vision functions were based on self-report. We used multinomial regression models to explore the association between dual sensory impairment and frailty. Results Of 3985 participants, 1655 (41.5%) were male and the median age was 66 years (interquartile range: 61–68). Overall, 7.6% of participants reported hearing impairment only, 32.7% reported vision impairment only, and 28.6% reported dual sensory impairment. The prevalence of prefrailty and frailty was 60.7% and 6.1%, respectively. After adjustment for confounding variables, results from the multinomial regression analysis showed that dual sensory impairment was significantly associated with greater odds of becoming frail (OR = 2.17, 95% CI = 1.40–3.38) compared with no impairment. When stratified by gender, dual sensory impairment was significantly associated with frailty in women (OR = 2.42, 95% CI = 1.40–4.20) but not in men (OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 0.58–2.91). Conclusion Older adults with dual sensory impairment are more likely to be frail than those with no impairment, suggesting that interventions to improve sensory function may potentially help reduce the risk of frailty in older adults.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors investigated the temporal trend of the prevalence of underprescription of anticoagulation treatment and explore the factors associated with under prescription of OAC among inpatients aged ≥ 80 years with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF).
Abstract: Abstract Background To investigate the temporal trend of the prevalence of underprescription of anticoagulation treatment and explore the factors associated with underprescription of oral anticoagulants (OACs) among inpatients aged ≥ 80 years with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of inpatients with a discharge diagnosis of NVAF from a medical database. We used the Pearson chi-square or Fisher’s exact test to compare categorical variables between patients with and without OAC prescriptions during hospitalization. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between risk factors and underprescription of OACs. Results A total of 4375 patients aged ≥ 80 years with AF were assessed in the largest academic hospital in China from August 1, 2016, to July 31, 2020, and 3165 NVAF patients were included. The prevalence of underprescription of OACs was 79.1% in 2017, 71.3% in 2018, 64.4% in 2019, and 56.1% in 2020. Of all participants, 2138 (67.6%) were not prescribed OACs; 66.3% and 68.2% of patients with and without prior stroke did not receive OACs, respectively. Age (85–89 vs 80–84, OR = 1.48, 95% CI (1.25–1.74); 90 + vs 80–84, OR = 2.66, 95% CI: 2.09–3.42), clinical department where patients were discharged (Reference = Cardiology, Geriatrics: OR = 2.97, 95% CI: 2.45- 3.61; neurology: OR = 1.25, 95% CI: 0.96, 1.63; others: OR = 4.23, 95% CI: 3.43- 5.24), use of antiplatelets (OR = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.45- 1.97), and history of stroke (OR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.71- 0.98 adjusted age), and dementia (OR = 2.16, 95% CI: 1.60- 2.96) were significantly associated with not prescribing OACs. Conclusions The prevalence of underprescription of OACs has decreased over the past several years. The rate of underprescription of OACs was higher among NVAF patients who were older, prescribed antiplatelets, discharged from nondepartmental cardiology, and suffered from comorbidities. This study found iatrogenic factors affecting the underprescription of OACs in inpatients aged ≥ 80 years, providing clues and a basis for the standardized use of OACs in inpatients.
TL;DR: The results for the overall data were consistent with the results for males and females separately, and the findings showed that the prevalence and OR of depression in women with sarcopenia were higher than those in men with sarc Openia, perhaps because women are more likely to suffer from sarcopenIA.
Abstract: We thank Zhang et al. 1 for their interest and sharing views on our recently published article. Their letter raises several interesting issues that we would like to respond to. First, we rechecked the data and confirmed that our data was correct. 1 In Olgun Yazar’s study, the sample size of sarcopenia and depression is shown in Table 2 (Supporting Information, Figure S1), which shows Control 2 and GD (geriatric depression) group data in terms of sarcopenia stages, with 165 individuals in the control 2 group and 116 patients in the GD group. In the control 2 group, there were four patients with pre-sarcopenia, nine patients with sarcopenia, nine patients with severe sarcopenia. There were six patients with pre-sarcopenia, 11 patients with sarcopenia, 21 patients with severe sarcopenia in the GD group. ‘In our analysis, study population involving individuals with sarcopenia, defined as the presence of low muscle mass (LMM), low muscle strength (LMS), and/or low physical performance (LPP).’ 2 Therefore, we excluded pre-sarcopenia, and the sample size of sarcopenia was: 9 + 9 + 11 + 21 = 50. 2 In Hsu’s study, according to the text description in the results part (Figure S2), there were 109 people with sarcopenia. The prevalence of depression was 29.8%, so the number of people with depression was 32 (109*29.8%). At the same time, Table 2 indicates that the study subjects are missing, 28 patients with depression (29.8% of patients with sarcopenia) and 66 patients without depression (70.2% of patients with sarcopenia) (Figure S3). Thus, there are 94 sarcopenia patients, and the different sets of data from the original study are shown in Table 1. Since we calculated the prevalence, whichever collection of data was used did not affect the analysis results. However, Zhang et al. used missing data on patients with depression (28 people) and complete data on patients with sarcopenia (109 people) to calculate the prevalence, so their prevalence was incorrect. Second, Although Nyaga et al. proposed that a meta-analysis of single-group interest rates using the metaprop command may be more realistic, metan command is also widely used. To verify whether the two commands would lead to different results in our study, we replotted the forest plot using metapro command (Figure 1). The result showed that the overall prevalence of depression in patients with sarcopenia was 0.283 (95% CI: 0.210–0.355), significant heterogeneity was noted (P < 0.001; I = 92.112%). This result is consistent with the outcome of using the metan command (prevalence was 0.28 (95% CI: 0.21–0.36; I = 92.2%), which means that both commands can be used in our study. The data extracted by Zhang et al. were incorrect, they expanded the sample size of sarcopenia, underestimated the prevalence of depression in two studies (Olgun Yazar’s and Hsu’s) (Figure S4), and the calculated prevalence (0.256) was lower than ours. Therefore, the differences were caused by their erroneous data extraction rather than the different command of the Stata software. Third, it is true that the results of the analysis incorporating data may be more relevant and accurate. However, we found that the results for the overall data were consistent with the results for males and females separately, and we thought there were other advantages to show them separately. The differences between genders can be displayed, ‘The findings showed that the prevalence and OR of depression in women with sarcopenia were higher than those in men with sarcopenia, perhaps because women are more likely to suffer from sarcopenia and depression than men’, which providing a basis for possible further research. LETTER TO THE EDITOR
TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper performed a cohort study to determine the association between stress hyperglycemia and delirium, and they consecutively enrolled patients aged ≥70 years who were admitted to the Geriatric Department of West China Hospital between March 2016 and July 2017.
Abstract: It remains unclear whether stress hyperglycemia is associated with delirium. We performed this cohort study to determine the association between stress hyperglycemia and delirium.We consecutively enrolled patients aged ≥70 years who were admitted to the Geriatric Department of West China Hospital between March 2016 and July 2017. Stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR) was calculated as fasting blood glucose divided by estimated average glucose derived from glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and was classified into three tertiles. Delirium was screened within 24 h of admission and three times daily thereafter, using the confusion assessment method. The Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the association of SHR with delirium.Among 487 included patients (mean age 83.0 years, 72.0% male), 50 (10.3%) patients experienced delirium during hospitalization. Compared to the second tertile, both the lowest and the highest SHR tertiles were independently associated with delirium (hazard ratio [HR] 3.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.45-9.51; and HR 2.97, 95% CI 1.29-6.81, respectively). Similar results were found after further adjusting for statin comedication. Multiple-adjusted restricted cubic splines revealed a nonlinear relationship between SHR and delirium (Pnonlinearity=0.04). Adding SHR to conventional risk factors improved the risk prediction of delirium (net reclassification index 0.39, P=0.01; integrated discrimination improvement 0.07, P=0.03). Subgroup analyses indicated that the relationship between SHR and delirium was more apparent in patients with HbA1c <6.5%, with significantly higher HR in the first (3.65, 95% CI 1.11-11.97) and third (3.13, 95% CI 1.13-8.72) SHR tertiles compared to the second tertile, while there was no significant association between SHR and delirium in those with HbA1c ≥6.5%.Both lower and higher SHR were associated with increased risk of delirium but only in patients with HbA1c <6.5%. Admission SHR may serve as a promising predictor of delirium, and incorporating this biomarker into prediction algorithms might have potential clinical utility in aiding delirium risk stratification, especially in those with HbA1c <6.5%.
TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors found that the most important independent risk factors for incident delirium were cognitive function impairment and depression in very old patients, and patients with dementia had significantly longer hospital stays and higher percentages of physical restraint use and falls.
Abstract: Delirium is a common complication that leads to poor health outcomes in older patients undergoing treatment. Due to severe consequences, early recognition of high-risk patients and risk factors for delirium are crucial in the prompt initiation of prevention measures. However, research in medically hospitalized patients aged ≥80 years remains limited. This study aimed to determine the incidence, predictors and health outcomes of delirium in very old (aged ≥80 years) hospitalized patients in China.A prospective study was conducted in individuals aged ≥80 years admitted to geriatric departments. Potential risk factors were assessed within 24 h after hospital admission. Screening for delirium was performed on admission and every 48 h thereafter for 14 days and assessed if acute mental status changes were observed. During hospitalization, health outcomes were recorded daily.Incident delirium occurred in 109 of 637 very old hospitalized patients (17.1%). The independent predictors of delirium in hospitalized patients aged 80 and over were cognitive function impairment [OR 17.42, 95% CI:(7.47-40.64)], depression [OR 9.30, 95% CI: (4.59-18.84)], CCI ≥ 5 [OR 4.21, 95% CI: (1.48-12.01)], sleep deprivation [OR 3.89, 95% CI: (1.71-8.82)], infection [OR 3.33, 95% CI: (1.70-6.54)], polypharmacy (≥5 medications) [OR 2.85, 95% CI: (1.51-5.39)], constipation [OR 2.58, 95% CI: (1.33-5.02)], and emergency admission [OR 2.13, 95% CI: (1.02-4.45)]. Patients with delirium had significantly longer hospital stays(P < 0.001) and higher percentages of physical restraint use(P < 0.001) and falls (P = 0.001) than those without delirium,.The incidence of delirium was high in hospitalized patients aged ≥80 years admitted to the geriatric department and was associated with prolonged hospital stay and higher rates of physical restraint use and falls. In this population, the most important independent risk factors for incident delirium were cognitive function impairment and depression. Health care professionals should recognize and initiate interventions for delirium early in geriatric patients.
TL;DR: The systematic review aroused people’s interest and consideration regarding the association between sarcopenia and depression, and Zhang et al. raised several points in their letter that the authors respond to below.
Abstract: Dear Editor, We were delighted that our systematic review aroused people’s interest and consideration regarding the association between sarcopenia and depression. Zhang et al. raised several points in their letter that we respond to below. First, we appreciate Zhang et al.’s careful reading and noting the article reported by Chen. Of course, we would not ignore it when screening the literature. However, the data of Chen and Wang’s studies came from the same cohort, our team’s Chengdu Yulin cohort in 2014. In Table 1, we compared the differences between the two studies. The prevalence of sarcopenia was different due to the use of different diagnostic criteria. We selected Wang’s study in our analysis because it was based on the association between sarcopenia and depression, which was more relevant to our topic. A cohort study conducted by Chen et al. aimed to examine risk factors for new-onset depressive symptoms over the course of a 1-year follow-up in community-dwelling older adults and found that sarcopenia was one of the risk factors for depression. However, patients with depression were excluded at baseline, and the prevalence of depression in sarcopenia could not be calculated and was excluded from our analysis. Although OR values could be obtained from both cross-sectional and cohort studies, there are essential differences between the two types of research. Cohort studies are prospective and confirmatory, confirming the relationship between cause and outcome, from cause to outcome. Cross-sectional studies explore the relationship between cause and outcome and are unable to distinguish cause and outcome. Due to the different natures of the studies, cohort
TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors used the AWGS 2014 as the diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia, considering both the loss in muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance, and explored the relationship between biochemical markers and muscle mass.
Abstract: Abstract Background: Sarcopenia is an age-related skeletal muscle disorder that involves a loss of muscle mass or strength and physiological function. Skeletal muscle deteriorates in both quantity and quality. The endocrine system is an important regulator of muscle metabolism. Therefore, we aimed to explore the relationship between biochemical markers and muscle mass in sarcopenia. Methods: We used the AWGS 2014 as the diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia, considering both the loss in muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance. A total of 2837 elderly female participants over 50 years of age from the West China Health and Aging Trend (WCHAT) study were included. Insulin, glucose, 25(OH)VD, procalcitonin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total protein, prealbumin, albumin, thyroid-stimulating hormone, free triiodothyronine, free tetraiodothyronine, triglycerides, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein, cortisol, and follicle-stimulating hormone were measured. Based on the findings of univariate analysis, multivariate regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were established. Results: Participants with sarcopenia had significantly lower free triiodothyronine, insulin, total protein, albumin, prealbumin, albumin/prealbumin ratio (A/G), alanine aminotransferase, triglycerides, and very low-density lipoprotein concentrations ( P < 0.05). Compared with those without sarcopenia, those with sarcopenia had significantly higher free tetraiodothyronine, cortisol, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase ratio (AST/ALT), and high-density lipoprotein concentrations ( P < 0.05). Insulin (OR = 0.854), FSH (OR = 1.016), and the AST/ALT ratio (OR = 1.819) were independent risk factors for low muscle mass ( P < 0.001). The AUC of insulin was the highest, followed by the AST/ALT ratio and FSH (0.691, 0.671, and 0.634, respectively), and the AUC of the mixture of the above three reached 0.736. Conclusion: In this cross-sectional study of elderly Chinese females aged over 50 years from the WCHAT, FSH, insulin, and AST/ALT ratio were associated with sarcopenia and risk factors for low muscle mass.
TL;DR: Today’s new technologies, including smartphone software and wearable devices, neuromuscular electrical stimulation, smart house, 3D printed foods, and interactive and virtual reality (VR) games, help to make individualized sarcopenia management possible.
Abstract: Sarcopenia is an aging-related disease characterized by progressive muscle mass loss, decreasing muscle strength, and physiological muscle function decline. It is associated with multiple adverse outcomes, including falls, fractures, physical disability, and death. The new code in ICD-10-CM (M62.84) in 2016 signifies its being recognized as a disease and drawing attention to the condition in this ever-aging society. The prevalence of sarcopenia in the elderly is ∼6.8%–25.7% for Asia1 and, in particular, 8.9%–38.8% for China.2 The mechanism of sarcopenia is complex and includes hormonal changes, nutritional deficiencies, chronic inflammation, neuromuscular function decline, and decreased physical activity. While no specific drugs have been approved to treat sarcopenia, ten pharmacological interventions have been identified to ameliorate the condition in the elderly, including growth hormone, growth hormone-releasing hormone, vitamin D, dehydroepiandrosterone, combined estrogen– progesterone, testosterone-growth hormone, pioglitazone, testosterone, insulin-like growth factor-1, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors.3 Possible drugs for sarcopenia are under development (Table 1).4 As a result, understanding the mechanisms of sarcopenia is critical for drug development. The treatment of sarcopenia currently focuses on nutrition and exercise interventions. However, the clinical evidence is very limited and many questions still remain unanswered. For example, how can the safety and compliance of exercise interventions be ensured according to stress adaptability? Besides, a large percentage of sarcopenic patients cannot live up to recommended degrees of both nutritional food intake and physical activity, resulting in numerous problems. Therefore, for elderly patients with sarcopenia with different conditions, individualized intervention and management strategies are urgently needed according to the patient’s metabolic and digestive functions. Food components with anti-inflammatory properties, such as probiotics and traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions, should be considered for intervention. Sarcopenia is associated with different genotypes. For example, in sarcopenia patients, the X allele of the alpha-actinin-3 (ACTN3) genotype was found to be more associated with decreased thigh muscle volume compared with the RR allele of the ACTN3 genotype.5 In addition, angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism has been associated with improvements in performance and exercise duration in a variety of populations. Specifically, the I allele of ACE genotype is associated with endurance-orientated events, while the D allele is associated with strengthand power-orientated performance.6 Another gene associated with sarcopenia is vitamin D receptor (VDR), and FF carriers have double the risk of having sarcopenia compared with carriers of the f allele.7 Other genetic variations associated with sarcopenia include the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), insulinlike growth factor-1 (IGF1), insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3), uncoupling protein-2/3 (UCP2/3), apolipoprotein E (APOE), and ciliary neurotrophic factor/R (CNTF/R) genes.8 Thus, determining the underpinning skeletal muscle genotype is important in precision treatment/intervention for sarcopenia. Today’s new technologies, including smartphone software and wearable devices, neuromuscular electrical stimulation, smart house, 3D printed foods, and interactive and virtual reality (VR) games, help to make individualized sarcopenia management possible.9 These techniques can help older adults with sarcopenia remain independent and get adequate physical activity and nutrition depending on individualized requirement. For example, smartphone software and wearables can track activity metrics including steps, distance, and intensity of physical activity, helping clinicians to obtain activity data remotely and monitor patient compliance and exercise progress. Other technologies, such as whole-body vibration training (WBVT) and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES), can help improve muscle strength. In addition, robotic devices also facilitate passive or active training for sarcopenia patients.10 Furthermore, a smart home includes many connected devices that can help the elderly achieve independence. For example, smart refrigerators have the function to help older adults maintain adequate nutrition by monitoring daily dietary intake, providing older adults with personalized meal plans, and buying food through online systems. In addition, 3D food printers are emerging as a new way to provide personalized nutrition to older adults. Meals may be printed at home and customized to provide nutrient contents that can help older adults meet dietary prescriptions. Besides, VR and interactive video games can supply a new platform for exercise programs, providing more enjoyable experiences than a typical exercise regime in treating sarcopenia. Of course, further research is needed to determine the role of currently available technologies in managing sarcopenia. Precision medicine is defined as a novel medical paradigm focusing on personalized, predictive, preventive, and participatory approaches, depicting a brand new way to treat sarcopenia. A person’s genotype and other characteristics will determine how to individualize the management of sarcopenia. Precision medicine
TL;DR: Baseline data, group-level follow-up data and microbiological examination data are integrated together to provide an evaluation tool, exploring sarcopenia, disability, dementia, caregiver burden, ageing biomarkers and other influencing factors.
Abstract: Purpose The West China longevity and ageing procedure (WCLAP) cohort study aims to provide guidance for older adults in western China with the aim of improving quality of life, reducing the burden of family care, summarising the characteristics of longevity lifestyles, building a Chinese-longevity-population biobank and exploring the mechanisms underlying population ageing. Participants Since the establishment of the WCLAP research baseline in 2018, a population of 1537 adults aged 80 years and above, living in the community, have been enrolled in the programme as research participants. Of these, 231 are aged 100 years and above. Participants are followed up every year. Finding to data WCLAP data are collected in five hospital research subcentres strategically located adjacent to the national ‘Longevity Townships’ of Chengdu Ziyang, Leshan, Yibin and Pengshan. Data collection included a comprehensive assessment of the participant’s health (including physical, psychological, social and common chronic disease assessments), instrumental tests (body composition and muscle percentage) and the collection of biomedical-biobank samples (include blood, urine, faeces, hair and urine). Future plans Through the annual cohort follow-up, survival-related information is collected at a group level. Analysis of biological samples facilitates biological characterisation at the microscopic level through proteomics, metabolomics, genomics and other techniques. Baseline data, group-level follow-up data and microbiological examination data are integrated together to provide an evaluation tool, exploring sarcopenia, disability, dementia, caregiver burden, ageing biomarkers and other influencing factors. Trial registration numbers 2018-463; ChiCTR1900020754.
TL;DR: This research presents a novel probabilistic approach to estimating the response of the immune system to laser-spot assisted, 3D image analysis of the central nervous system.
Abstract: [This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.785045.].
TL;DR: In this article , the authors examined the association of pain as well as pain intensity and location with incident sarcopenia among community-dwelling older adults and explored whether this association differed between men and women.
Abstract: Pain‐related muscle disuse and inflammatory reactions may increase the risk of sarcopenia among older adults with pain. Although several studies have examined the association between pain and sarcopenia, the findings are mixed. In the present study, we examined the association of pain as well as pain intensity and location with incident sarcopenia among community‐dwelling older adults and explored whether this association differed between men and women.
TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors developed a delirium screening instrument composed of Chinese keywords that can be easily and quickly obtained from electronic medical records to improve the detection of older people with dementia.
Abstract: Delirium is frequently unrecognized due to the absence of regular screening. In addition to validated bedside tools, the computer-assisted instrument based on clinical notes from electronic medical records may be useful.To assess the psychometric properties of a Chinese-chart-based keyword instrument for semiautomatically screening delirium using Natural language processing (NLP) based on clinical notes from electronic medical records.The patients were admitted to West China Hospital from January 2015 to December 2017. Grouping patients based on the medical notes, those with accessible physician documents but no nurse documents were classified as the physician & no-nurse (PNN) group, while those with accessible physician and nurse documents were classified as the physician & nurse (PN) group. The psychometric properties, test-retest reliability, internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's α), and criterion validity were calculated. Using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, the criterion validity of delirium was evaluated in comparison to the results of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition.A total of 779 patients were enrolled in the study. Their ages ranged from 65 to 103 years (82.5 ± 6.5), with men accounting for 71.9% of the total. A total of 312 patients had access to only physician documents in the physician & no-nurse (PNN) group, whereas 467 patients had access to both physician and nurse documents in the physician & nurse (PN) group. All 779 patients had a Cronbach's alpha of 0.728 in terms of reliability, with 100% test-retest reliability. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) values of the delirium screening instrument for criterion validity were 0.76 (all patients, n = 779), 0.72 (PNN, n = 312), and 0.79 (PN, n = 467), respectively.A delirium screening instrument composed of Chinese keywords that can be easily and quickly obtained from electronic medical records was developed, which improved delirium detection in older people.Not applicable.
TL;DR: Pre-dementia syndrome of MCR has distinct metabolic subtypes, and SCCs and SG may cause different metabolic changes to develop MCR, and metabolomics and lipidomics contributed most to the prediction model for MCR-III.
Abstract: Introduction Motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR) is characterized by subjective cognitive complaints (SCCs) and slow gait (SG). Metabolomics and lipidomics may potentiate disclosure of the underlying mechanisms of MCR. Methods This was a cross-sectional study from the West China Health and Aging Trend cohort study (WCHAT). The operational definition of MCR is the presence of SCCs and SG without dementia or mobility disability. The test and analysis were based on untargeted metabolomics and lipidomics, consensus clustering, lasso regression and 10-fold cross-validation. Results This study enrolled 6,031 individuals for clinical analysis and 577 plasma samples for omics analysis. The overall prevalence of MCR was 9.7%, and the prevalence of MCR-only, assessed cognitive impairment-only (CI-only) and MCR-CI were 7.5, 13.3, and 2.1%, respectively. By consensus clustering analysis, MCR-only was clustered into three metabolic subtypes, MCR-I, MCR-II and MCR-III. Clinically, body fat mass (OR = 0.89, CI = 0.82–0.96) was negatively correlated with MCR-I, and comorbidity (OR = 2.19, CI = 1.10–4.38) was positively correlated with MCR-III. Diabetes mellitus had the highest ORs above 1 in MCR-II and MCR-III (OR = 3.18, CI = 1.02–9.91; OR = 2.83, CI = 1.33–6.04, respectively). The risk metabolites of MCR-III showed relatively high similarity with those of cognitive impairment. Notably, L-proline, L-cystine, ADMA, and N1-acetylspermidine were significantly changed in MCR-only, and PC(40:3), SM(32:1), TG(51:3), eicosanoic acid(20:1), methyl-D-galactoside and TG(50:3) contributed most to the prediction model for MCR-III. Interpretation Pre-dementia syndrome of MCR has distinct metabolic subtypes, and SCCs and SG may cause different metabolic changes to develop MCR.
TL;DR: This work highlights the clinical relevance of metabolic perturbation in mental disorders, and age‐related metabolic disturbances may be a bridge‐linking aging and depressive.
Abstract: Abstract Mental disorders are associated with dysregulated metabolism, but comprehensive investigations of their metabolic similarities and differences and their clinical relevance are few. Here, based on the plasma metabolome and lipidome of subcohort1, comprising 100 healthy participants, 55 cases with anxiety, 52 persons with depression, and 41 individuals with comorbidity, which are from WCHAT, a perspective cohort study of community‐dwelling older adults aged over 50, multiple metabolites as potential risk factors of mental disorders were identified. Furthermore, participants with mental illnesses were classified into three subtypes (S1, S2, and S3) by unsupervised classification with lipidomic data. Among them, S1 showed higher triacylglycerol and lower sphingomyelin, while S2 displayed opposite features. The metabolic profile of S3 was like that of the normal group. Compared with S3, individuals in S1 and S2 had worse quality of life, and suffered more from sleep and cognitive disorders. Notably, an assessment of 6,467 individuals from the WCHAT showed an age‐related increase in the incidence of depression. Seventeen depression‐related metabolites were significantly correlated with age, which were validated in an independent subcohort2. Collectively, this work highlights the clinical relevance of metabolic perturbation in mental disorders, and age‐related metabolic disturbances may be a bridge‐linking aging and depressive.
TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper used bivariate logistic regression and restricted cubic splines to examine the association between vitamin D, dentition status, and frailty in old Chinese adults.
Abstract: Although vitamin D and dentition status are each associated with frailty, their combined effects on frailty have not been studied. This study aimed to evaluate the combined effects of vitamin D and dentition status on frailty in old Chinese adults.Baseline data were obtained from the 2011-2012 wave of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. A total of 1074 participants ≥65 years who were non-frail or prefrail at baseline were included; follow-up was conducted in the 2014 wave. Frailty was assessed by a 40-item frailty index (FI) and classified into frail (FI > 0.21), prefrail (FI: 0.1-0.21), and non-frail (FI ≤0.1). Vitamin D was assessed by 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and categorized into quartiles and dichotomies (normal: ≥50 nmol/L vs. low: < 50 nmol/L). The presence of ≥20 natural teeth was defined as functional dentition, otherwise as non-functional dentition. We used bivariate logistic regression and restricted cubic splines to examine the association between vitamin D, dentition status, and frailty. We created a multiplicative interaction between vitamin D and dentition status to test for their combined effect.A total of 205 (19.1%) incident frailty were identified during the 3-year follow-up. Participants with the lowest quartile of plasma 25(OH) D were more likely to be frail (odds ratio [OR] 2.45, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.38 to 4.35) than those in the highest quartile. Older adults with the lowest quartile of 25(OH) D and non-functional dentition had the highest odds of frailty (OR = 3.67, 95% CI: 1.02 to 13.12). We also observed that a lower vitamin D level was associated with an increased risk of frailty with a threshold of 40.37 nmol/L using restricted cubic spline models. However, vitamin D levels were not significantly associated with frailty among participants with functional dentition.Low vitamin D levels were associated with an increased risk of frailty in older adults. Functional dentition modified the association of vitamin D with frailty.
TL;DR: In this article , an ultrasound-derived muscle assessment system for older adults at a risk of sarcopenia was presented, which can be used as a promising muscle mass estimation tool and a potential disease classification tool.
Abstract: Abstract Background Quantitative assessment of muscle mass is a critical step in sarcopenia disease management. Expanding upon the use of ultrasound in foetal growth assessment, we established and validated an ultrasound-derived muscle assessment system for older adults at a risk of sarcopenia. Methods A total of 669 older adults were recruited in three cohorts in this cross-sectional study. In cohort 1(n = 103), the most valuable sites for skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) estimation were located among 11 ultrasound scanning sites. An ultrasound-derived SMI estimating algorithm based on muscle thickness (MT) was obtained in the modelling group composed of cohorts 1 and 2 (n = 309). The reliability of the muscle mass estimation equation and the validity of the obtained cut-off values were verified in cohort 3 (n = 257), which was selected as the verification group. Results In the modelling group, the cut-off values of ultrasound-derived e-SMI for low SMI were 7.13 kg/m2 for men and 5.81 kg/m2 for women. In the verification group, the intraclass correlation between e-SMI and SMI was 0.885. The sensitivity of the e-SMI in detecting low SMI was 93.6% for men and 89.7% for women, and the negative predictive value was 94.9% for men and 94.7% for women. Combined with the handgrip strength and gait speed, the e-SMI had an overall diagnostic sensitivity of 92.7% and a specificity of 91.0% for sarcopenia. Conclusion The ultrasound-derived muscle assessment system can be a promising muscle mass estimation tool and a potential disease classification tool.
01 Jan 2022
TL;DR: In this article , a 2-micron coherent lidar has been developed with performance suitable for near continuous measurement of wind profiles from high-altitude aircraft to the Earth's surface under most atmospheric backscatter conditions.
Abstract: A 2-micron coherent lidar has been developed with performance suitable for near continuous measurement of wind profiles from high-altitude aircraft to the Earth's surface under most atmospheric backscatter conditions.
25 Dec 2022-Sheng wu yi xue gong cheng xue za zhi = Journal of biomedical engineering = Shengwu yixue gongchengxue zazhi
TL;DR: In this paper , the effect of curcumin (Cur) against human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in vitro was investigated, where the tetrazolium salt (MTS) method was used to detect the effects of Cur on cell viability.
Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the effect of curcumin (Cur) against human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in vitro. Human embryonic lung fibroblasts were cultured in vitro. The tetrazolium salt (MTS) method was used to detect the effects of Cur on cell viability. The cells were divided into control group, HCMV group, HCMV + (PFA) group and HCMV + Cur group in this study. The cytopathic effect (CPE) of each group was observed by plaque test, then the copy number of HCMV DNA in each group was detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and the expression of HCMV proteins in different sequence was detected by Western blot. The results showed that when the concentration of Cur was not higher than 15 μmol/L, there was no significant change in cell growth and viability in the Cur group compared with the control group (P>0.05). After the cells were infected by HCMV for 5 d, the cells began to show CPE, and the number of plaques increased with time. Pretreatment with Cur significantly reduced CPE in a dose-dependent manner. After the cells were infected by HCMV, the DNA copy number and protein expression gradually increased in a time-dependent manner. Pretreatment with Cur significantly inhibited HCMV DNA copies and downregulate HCMV protein expression levels in a concentration-dependent manner, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). In conclusion, Cur may exert anti-HCMV activity by inhibiting the replication of HCMV DNA and down-regulating the expression levels of different sequence proteins of HCMV. This study provides a new experimental basis for the development of anti-HCMV infectious drugs.