Cataract in the Adult Eye Preferred Practice Pattern

A 2014 online survey of the American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery members indicated increasing use of intracameral antibiotic injection prophylaxis compared with a comparable survey from 2007 Forty-seven percent of respondents already used or planned to adopt this measure One half of all surgeons not using intracameral prophylaxis expressed concern about the risks of noncommercially prepared antibiotic preparations Overall, the large majority (75%) said they believe it is important to have a commercially available antibiotic approved for intracameral injection Assuming reasonable cost, the survey indicates that commercial availability of Aprokam (cefuroxime) would increase the overall percentage of surgeons using intracameral antibiotic injection prophylaxis to nearly 84% Although the majority used topical perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis, and gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin were still the most popular agents, there was a trend toward declining use of fourth-generation fluoroquinolones (60%, down from 81% in 2007) and greater use of topical ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin (21%, up from 9% in 2007)

Antibiotic prophylaxis of postoperative endophthalmitis after cataract surgery: Results of the 2014 ASCRS member survey.

Rickettsioses in Europe

Endophthalmitis is one of the most feared complications after cataract surgery. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the effect of intracameral and topical antibiotics on the prevention of endophthalmitis after cataract surgery. A systematic literature review in the MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library and EMBASE databases revealed one randomized trial and 17 observational studies concerning the prophylactic effect of intracameral antibiotic administration on the rate of endophthalmitis after cataract surgery. The effect of topical antibiotics on endophthalmitis rate was reported by one randomized trial and one observational study. The quality and design of the included studies were analysed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. The quality of the evidence was evaluated using the GRADE approach. We found high-to-moderate quality evidence for a marked reduction in the risk of endophthalmitis with the use of intracameral antibiotic administration of cefazolin, cefuroxime and moxifloxacin, whereas no effect was found with the use of topical antibiotics or intracameral vancomycin. Endophthalmitis occurred on average in one of 2855 surgeries when intracameral antibiotics were used compared to one of 485 surgeries when intracameral antibiotics were not used. The relative risk (95% CI) of endophthalmitis was reduced to 0.12 (0.08; 0.18) when intracameral antibiotics were used. The difference was highly significant (p < 0.00001). Intracameral antibiotic therapy is the best choice for preventing endophthalmitis after cataract surgery. We did not find evidence to conclude that topical antibiotic therapy prevents endophthalmitis.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/aos.12684

Antibiotic prevention of postcataract endophthalmitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Endophthalmitis Occurring after Cataract Surgery: Outcomes of More Than 480 000 Cataract Surgeries, Epidemiologic Features, and Risk Factors.

PurposeTo present the results of a retrospective comparative unicentric institutional study of the incidence of postcataract surgery endophthalmitis before and after the introduction of the Europea...

Postcataract surgery endophthalmitis after introduction of the ESCRS protocol: a 5-year study.

Purpose: To report a case of a 20-year-old female with decreased visual acuity (VA) in the left eye (LE). Methods: This is a retrospective and descriptive case report based on data from clinical records, patient observation and analysis of diagnostic tests. Results: A 20-year-old female presented with decreased VA in the LE for 3 days. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 20/20 in the right eye (RE) and 20/40 in the LE. Pupillary function, intraocular pressure, results of external segment examinations and slit-lamp biomicroscopy were normal, bilaterally. RE fundoscopy was normal, and in the LE it revealed papillitis and posterior pole exudative retinal detachment. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) confirmed the macular serous retinal detachment and showed thickening of the posterior choroid also revealed by orbital ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Fluorescein angiography showed angiographic features typical of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease: disseminated spotted choroidal hyperfluorescence and choroidal multifocal hypofluorescence, multifocal profuse leakage in the retina with pooling, serous retinal detachment and optic disc hyperfluorescence. Serological testing for the diagnosis of infectious pathologies was negative, and the review of systems was normal. The patient received systemic steroids and cyclosporine. LE BCVA improved up to 20/20 at 18 months after the diagnosis, with complete reabsorption of subretinal fluid and normal retinal and choroidal thickness by OCT. Conclusion: Despite the unilateral involvement, the clinical and angiographic features were typical of VKH disease, and ophthalmologists should be aware to recognize this rare clinical variant of the disease.

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Unilateral Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease: A Clinical Case Report.

Purpose: To report an uncommon case of a 29-year-old Caucasian male diagnosed with unilateral choroidal neovascularization (CNV) secondary to punctate inner choroidopathy leading to visual impairment. Methods: This is a retrospective and descriptive case report based on data from clinical records, patient observation and analysis of ancillary diagnostic tests. Results: A 29-year-old Caucasian male presented to our emergency department with complaints of decreased central vision in his left eye (LE), detected a few hours before. Bestcorrected visual acuity (BCVA) in the LE was counting fingers at 50 cm and BCVA in the right eye was 20/20. Fundoscopy of the LE evidenced multiple round and yellowish lesions in the macula and nasal to the optic nerve, without intraocular inflammation signs. Optical coherence tomography showed increased retinal thickness with detachment of the neuroepithelium and a slight retinal pigment epithelium detachment. Fluorescein angiography revealed hyperfluorescent lesions with blurred borders in the macula. An intravitreal injection of bevacizumab (1.25 mg/0.05 ml) was administered in the LE, which resulted in anatomic and visual improvement. Conclusion: We present a rare case of unilateral CNV secondary to punctate inner choroidopathy in a young, myopic male.

/pdf/punctate-inner-choroidopathy-a-clinical-case-report-2k4a9u2e5p.pdf

Punctate inner choroidopathy: a clinical case report.

This article reviews clinically relevant data regarding traumatic maculopathy (TM), frequently observed in clinical practice, especially due to sport or traffic accident injuries. It is characterized by transient gray-whitish retinal coloration and reduction of visual acuity (VA) with closed, blunt object globe trauma of their prior. It may be limited to the posterior pole (Berlin’s edema), or peripheral areas of the retina. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) provides detail insight using high resolution cross-sectional tomographs of the ocular tissue. It is a potent non-invasive tool for the clinician to follow-up. Clinicians are, thereby empowered with a tool that enables evaluation of the retinal status and allows for prediction of the prognosis. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography supports the idea that the major site of injury is in the photoreceptor and layers of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Depending on the severity of the trauma, SD-OCT may reveal differential optical densities of intraretinal spaces ranging from disappearance of the thin hyporeflective optical space in mild lesions, or areas of disruption of the inner segment/outer segment (IS/OS) junction and hyperreflectivity of the overlying retina, pigment disorders and retinal atrophy, in more severe cases. The prognosis for recovery of vision is generally good, and improvement occurs within 3-4 weeks.

https://mehdijournal.com/index.php/mehdiophthalmol/article/download/198/102

Cutting Edge of Traumatic Maculopathy with Spectral-domain Optical Coherence Tomography - A Review

Background: Mediterranean spotted fever is a zoonosis endemic in the Mediterranean region. The microorganism Rickettsia conorii is responsible for the disease due to its angiotropism for endothelial cells. It produces host cell necrosis, thrombosis, and organ dysfunction. Ophthalmologic manifestations are rare. Findings: The authors describe the case of a 55-year-old female with Mediterranean spotted fever who developed localized retinal vasculitis with associated macular edema. Treatment with intravitreal triamcinolone allowed a significant recovery of visual acuity. Conclusion: Ophthalmological symptoms in these patients should be emphasized because there can be severe ocular complications with a potentially irreversible loss of visual acuity.

/pdf/a-rare-case-of-retinal-artery-occlusion-in-the-context-of-1p7ec9chbs.pdf

Joana Campos

Papers

Postcataract surgery endophthalmitis after introduction of the ESCRS protocol: a 5-year study.

Unilateral Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease: A Clinical Case Report.

Punctate inner choroidopathy: a clinical case report.

Cutting Edge of Traumatic Maculopathy with Spectral-domain Optical Coherence Tomography - A Review

A Rare Case of Retinal Artery Occlusion in the Context of Mediterranean Spotted Fever