2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: The Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Developed with the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC.

ACC/AHA
: American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association
ACCF/AHA
: American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association
ACE
: angiotensin-converting enzyme
ACEI
: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor
ACS
: acute coronary syndrome
AF
: atrial fibrillation

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2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure

Jeffrey L. Anderson, MD, FACC, FAHA, Chair 

Jonathan L. Halperin, MD, FACC, FAHA, Chair-Elect 

Nancy M. Albert, PhD, RN, FAHA

Biykem Bozkurt, MD, PhD, FACC, FAHA

Ralph G. Brindis, MD, MPH, MACC

Mark A. Creager, MD, FACC, FAHA[#][1]

Lesley H. Curtis, PhD, FAHA

David DeMets, PhD[#][1]

Robert A

/pdf/2014-aha-acc-hrs-guideline-for-the-management-of-patients-1v8ficsqox.pdf

2014 AHA/ACC/HRS Guideline for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society

Prospective Cohort Study

Guidelines summarize and evaluate all currently available evidence on a particular issue with the aim of assisting physicians in selecting the best management strategy for an individual patient suffering from a given condition, taking into account the impact on outcome, as well as the risk–benefit ratio of particular diagnostic or therapeutic means. Guidelines are no substitutes for textbooks. The legal implications of medical guidelines have been discussed previously.

A large number of Guidelines have been issued in recent years by the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) as well as by other societies and organizations. Because of the impact on clinical practice, quality criteria for development of guidelines have been established in order to make all decisions transparent to the user. The recommendations for formulating and issuing ESC Guidelines can be found on the ESC Web Site (http://www.escardio.org/guidelines-surveys/esc-guidelines/about/Pages/rules-writing.aspx).

In brief, experts in the field are selected and undertake a comprehensive review of the published evidence for management and/or prevention of a given condition. A critical evaluation of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures is performed, including assessment of the risk–benefit ratio. Estimates of expected health outcomes for larger societies are included, where data exist. The level of evidence and the strength of recommendation of particular treatment options are weighed and graded according to pre-defined scales, as outlined in Tables 1 and 2 .

View this table:

Table 1 
Classes of recommendations



View this table:

Table 2 
Levels of evidence



The experts of the writing panels have provided disclosure statements of all relationships they may have that might be perceived as real or potential sources of conflicts of interest. These disclosure forms are kept on file at the European Heart House, headquarters of the ESC. Any changes in conflict of interest that arise during the writing period must be notified to the ESC. The Task Force report received its entire financial support from …

/pdf/guidelines-for-the-management-of-atrial-fibrillation-the-1cikaj4630.pdf

Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation The Task Force for the Management of Atrial Fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)

Effects of standardized musical intervention on refusal of care and aggression during toileting in people with institutionalized neurocognitive disorders.

Key points Dementia is a deterioration in several cognitive functions that affects daily living and is observed in the absence of impaired vigilance. Dementia may be revealed by symptoms of memory loss but also by a loss of functional autonomy, onset of depression or by behavioral problems; it may also be recognized during a screening examination. Evaluation of cognitive functions is an essential stage of this diagnosis. Simple tests that any physician can perform provide a first approach. A more detailed cognitive evaluation by a specialist or neuropsychologist is then necessary (except in advanced cases). Once dementia is diagnosed, a causal investigation is required to assess its severity and extent, in order to organize management. Lack of recognition of dementia in the elderly and delay in its diagnosis raise the question of screening to detect it at an earlier stage.

Syndromes démentiels du sujet âgé : démarches diagnostiques

■ De plus en plus de sujets âges concernes: La frequence de l'epilepsie debutant apres l'âge de 60 ans est en forte croissance, d'autant que l'effectif des sujets de 60 ans ou davantage augmente aussi Le taux d'incidence depasse 100 cas pour 100 000 chez les sujets de 60 ans et plus, pour atteindre 160 cas pour 100 000 chez les sujets de 80 a 84 ans Le taux de prevalence passe de 7 pour 1000 chez les sujets de 55 a 64 ans a 12 pour 1000 chez ceux de 85 a 94 ans ■ Particularites cliniques: Il faut signaler la frequence des crises partielles complexes, la possibilite d'etats confusionnels lies a certaines crises ou de deficits neurologiques lentement regressifs ■ Les indications therapeutiques: En dehors des crises symptomatiques aigues declenchees par une agression cerebrale ou c'est le traitement du facteur declenchant qui doit etre envisage avant tout, la prescription de medicaments anti-epileptiques est justifiee chez les patients qui ont eu 2 crises ou plus et chez lesquels aucun facteur corrigeable n'a ete trouve En cas d'accident vasculaire cerebral, l'interet d'un traitement au long cours doit etre reevalue apres la phase aigue ■ Prescription proprement dite: Quand les crises sont frequentes et qu'un effet rapide est cherche, il faut associer une benzodiazepine jusqu'a obtention de la pleine efficacite de l'anti-epileptique Mais, chez les sujets âges, il importe d'etre prudent pour cette prescription en raison de la sedation importante et des risques induits par ces medicaments Tous les anti-epileptiques sont actifs; les principaux criteres de choix chez le sujets âge sont davantage fondes sur le profil de tolerance et sur le risque d'interaction medicamenteuse Les effets sur les fonctions cognitives doivent tout particulierement etre pris en consideration

[Anti-epilepsy drugs and their use in the elderly].

Background: Bibliometry is a widely used method assessing the activity of research.Aim: Assess research activity of the French geriatric teams by bibliometry for the last 22 years and replaced it in the evolution of the French geriatrics.Methods: Data were collected via MEDLINE through Internet PubMed. Publications from French geriatrics teams were identified using search of relevant terms for geriatrics in the field Affiliation from 1985 to 2006. Citations and abstracts were analyzed before including the publication in the study.Results: We identified 692 articles published by French geriatric teams. Among them, 295 were English articles and 166 were reviews of the literature. Throughout these twenty-two years, the number of publications was consequentially increased. Nutrition and dementia-psychogeriatrics were the themes most often mentioned. The total of these publications impact factors (IF) is 753 points over the last twenty-two years, rating from 45 points between 1985 and 1989 to 330 points between 2000 and 2004. The mean score of the impact factors by publication remains relatively stable, but the number of publications having an impact factor superior to 3 increases in the course of this time interval.Conclusion: This bibliometric investigation points out the growing interest of the French geriatrics in clinical research, mostly oriented toward nutrition and dementia in the elderly.

International publications from the French geriatric teams: evolution in the course of last 22 years.

Objectives
The aim of the study was to compare the accuracy of three formulae that estimate creatinine clearance (CLCR), in elderly hospitalized patients: the Cockcroft–Gault (CG) formula and the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease formulae with 4 and 6 variables (MDRD4 and MDRD6).

Joël Belmin

Papers

Effects of standardized musical intervention on refusal of care and aggression during toileting in people with institutionalized neurocognitive disorders.

Syndromes démentiels du sujet âgé : démarches diagnostiques

[Anti-epilepsy drugs and their use in the elderly].

International publications from the French geriatric teams: evolution in the course of last 22 years.

Comparison between the Three Most Popular Formulae to Estimate Renal Function, in Subjects 75 Years of Age or Older