https://www.umsl.edu/~chickosj/JSCPUBS/dsccal.pdf

Reference materials for calorimetry and differential thermal analysis

Salt hydrates as latent heat storage materials:Thermophysical properties and costs

Nucleation triggering methods in supercooled phase change materials (PCM), a review

A nonimaging illumination optical device for producing a selected far field illuminance over an angular range. The optical device includes a light source (102), a light reflecting surface (108), and a family of light edge rays defined along a reference line (104) with the reflecting surface (108) defined in terms of the reference line (104) as a parametric function R(t) where it is a scaler parameter position and R(t) = k(t)+Du(t) where k(t) is a parametrization of the reference line (104), and D is a distance from a point on the reference line (104) to the reflection surface (108) along the desired edge ray through the point.

Nonimaging optical illumination system

Described is a thermal energy storage and delivery system for delivering thermal energy to both a passenger compartment of a vehicle and a component, such as a battery, located externally of the passenger compartment. The system capitalizes on excess capacity stored in a thermal energy storage apparatus, to heat the external component in addition to the passenger compartment.

Thermal energy storage and delivery system

Utilization of latent heat stored in a crystalline liquid heat storage medium subject to super-cooling by continuously circulating the storage medium past a heat exchanger positioned in the upper portion of an enclosed space containing a body of such storage medium to effect super-cooling thereof, then past a bed of seed crystals in the lower portion of such space to effect partial crystallization thereof, and then back past the heat exchanger.

Reversible latent heat storage method, and reversible latent heat accumulator

A heat accumulator in which the heat-energy storage medium consists essentially of a potassium fluoride-water system having a potassium fluoride content between 44 and 48% by weight.

Latent heat accumulator

Durch Reaktion von WF 6 an 500–800° heisen Wolframdrahten entsteht Wolframpentafluorid, welches durch Kondensation aus der Gasphase als gelbe, kristalline Substanz isoliert werden kann. Die Verbindung ist sehr empfindlich gegen Feuchtigkeit und disproportioniert schon bei Raumtemperatur langsam zu WF 6 und WF 4. Die Struktur, in der jeweils vier Molekule uber lineare cis-Fluorbrucken miteinander verbunden sind, ahnelt der von MoF5. Die pyknometrisch bestimmte Dichte betragt d = 5.01 g cm −3. Nach Dampfdruckmessungen (Effusions- und Mitfuhrungsmethode) sowie Molekulargewichtsbestimmungen an Losungen in WF 6 ist Wolframpentafluorid bei Raumtemperatur in der Gasphase und auch im unpolaren Losungsmittel zu (WF5)4 assoziiert. Die Temperaturabhangigkeit des Dampfdruckes von festem Wolframpentafluorid wird durch lg p = 14.586 – 5120/T in Torr wiedergegeben. Die Sublimationswarme errechnet sich zu ΔH298 = 23.4 kcal/Mol (WF5)4. Die Loslichkeit in WF6 betragt 17 g/100 cm 3 bei 20°.



Preparation and Properties of Tungsten Pentafluoride



Tungsten pentafluoride formed by the reaction of WF 6 on hot tungsten wires (500 – 800°C) is condensed from the gas phase as a yellow, crystalline solid. It is extremely sensible to moisture and disproportionates into WF6 and WF4 even at room temperature. Tungsten pentafluoride is isostructural with MoF5 and forms a tetrameric unit in the solid state. The tungsten atoms are situated at the corners of a square linked by linear bridging cis-fluorine atoms. The pynometric density is = 5.01 g cm −3. Vapour pressure measurements by the effusion and transportation method and determinations of the molecular weight in solution of WF 6 indicate association to tetrameric molecules (WF5)4 at room temperature in the gas phase as well as in non-polar solution. The vapour pressure of the solid is represented by 1g p = 14.586 – 5120/T as mm Hg. The heat of sublimation is calculated to be ΔH298 = 23.4 kcal/Mol (WF5)4. The solubility in WF 6 is 17 g/100 cm 3 at 20°C.

Darstellung und Eigenschaften von Wolframpentafluorid

An ice-cream maker having a cylindrical container, into which a discoid cold cartridge is insertable, and an electric motor, through a gear unit, drives a shaft located in the container. The shaft includes a scraper and stirrer tool acting at least together with the cold cartridge. The cold cartridge is provided, around its circumference, with a continuous, outwardly projecting edge and the container interior wall is provided, around its circumference, with a corresponding step extending into the inside of the container. A cold cartridge inserted into the ice-cream maker lodges its projecting edge on this step and at least the bottom wall of the cold cartridge is located at a distance from the container wall.

Ice-cream maker

Bei einem Latentwarmespeicher fur Kuhlzwecke mit einem formstabilen, geschlossenen Behalter, der Wasser oder eine eutektische Mischung von Wasser mit mindestens einem Salz als Speichermittel enthalt, werden Druckanderungen, die durch Volumenausdehnung des Speichermittels beim Phasenubergang auftreten, dadurch kompensiert, das der Speicherbehalter nur soviel Speichermittel enthalt, das ein Teil des Behaltervolumens, der gleich oder wenig goser als die maximale Volumenausdehnung des Speichermittels bei Benutzung des Speichers ist, bei Zimmertemperatur von Speichermittel freibleibt und unter atmospharischem Druck mit einem Gas gefullt ist, das im Temperaturbereich zwischen Zimmertemperatur und Schmelztemperatur des Speichermittels kondensiert. contains in a latent heat store for cooling purposes with a dimensionally stable, closed container, water or a eutectic mixture of water with at least one salt as storage means, are pressure variations that occur due to volume expansion of the storage means at the phase transition, compensated for by the storage container only as much memory means includes that a part of the container volume, which is equal to or slightly Gosser than the maximum volumetric expansion of the storage means in use of the memory remains free at room temperature of storage means and is filled at atmospheric pressure with a gas which condenses in the temperature range between room temperature and melting temperature of the storage means.

Johann Schroder

Papers

Reversible latent heat storage method, and reversible latent heat accumulator

Latent heat accumulator

Darstellung und Eigenschaften von Wolframpentafluorid

Ice-cream maker

Latent-heat tank for refrigeration