Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology is maturing and is being incorporated into emerging wireless broadband standards like long-term evolution (LTE) [1]. For example, the LTE standard allows for up to eight antenna ports at the base station. Basically, the more antennas the transmitter/receiver is equipped with, and the more degrees of freedom that the propagation channel can provide, the better the performance in terms of data rate or link reliability. More precisely, on a quasi static channel where a code word spans across only one time and frequency coherence interval, the reliability of a point-to-point MIMO link scales according to Prob(link outage) ` SNR-ntnr where nt and nr are the numbers of transmit and receive antennas, respectively, and signal-to-noise ratio is denoted by SNR. On a channel that varies rapidly as a function of time and frequency, and where circumstances permit coding across many channel coherence intervals, the achievable rate scales as min(nt, nr) log(1 + SNR). The gains in multiuser systems are even more impressive, because such systems offer the possibility to transmit simultaneously to several users and the flexibility to select what users to schedule for reception at any given point in time [2].

/pdf/scaling-up-mimo-opportunities-and-challenges-with-very-large-puqp9v7gzk.pdf

Scaling Up MIMO: Opportunities and Challenges with Very Large Arrays

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Table Of Integrals Series And Products

Information Theory and Reliable Communication

The objective of this paper is to give a comprehensive introduction to applied cryptography with an engineer or computer scientist in mind. The emphasis is on the knowledge needed to create practical systems which supports integrity, confidentiality, or authenticity. Topics covered includes an introduction to the concepts in cryptography, attacks against cryptographic systems, key use and handling, random bit generation, encryption modes, and message authentication codes. Recommendations on algorithms and further reading is given in the end of the paper. This paper should make the reader able to build, understand and evaluate system descriptions and designs based on the cryptographic components described in the paper.

[서평]「Applied Cryptography」

The presence of both multiple-access interference (MAI) and intersymbol interference (ISI) constitutes a major impediment to reliable communications in multipath code-division multiple-access (CDMA) channels. In this paper, an iterative receiver structure is proposed for decoding multiuser information data in a convolutionally coded asynchronous multipath DS-CDMA system. The receiver performs two successive soft-output decisions, achieved by a soft-input soft-output (SISO) multiuser detector and a bank of single-user SISO channel decoders, through an iterative process. At each iteration, extrinsic information is extracted from detection and decoding stages and is then used as a priori information in the next iteration, just as in turbo decoding. Given the multipath CDMA channel model, a direct implementation of a sliding-window SISO multiuser detector has a prohibitive computational complexity. A low-complexity SISO multiuser detector is developed based on a novel nonlinear interference suppression technique, which makes use of both soft interference cancellation and instantaneous linear minimum mean-square error filtering. The properties of such a nonlinear interference suppressor are examined, and an efficient recursive implementation is derived. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed low complexity iterative receiver structure for interference suppression and decoding offers significant performance gain over the traditional noniterative receiver structure. Moreover, at high signal-to-noise ratio, the detrimental effects of MAI and ISI in the channel can almost be completely overcome by iterative processing, and single-user performance can be approached.

/pdf/iterative-turbo-soft-interference-cancellation-and-decoding-4ha12irymu.pdf

Iterative (turbo) soft interference cancellation and decoding for coded CDMA

A well-known receiver strategy for direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS-CDMA) transmission is iterative soft decision interference cancellation. For calculation of soft estimates used for cancellation, the distribution of residual interference is commonly assumed to be Gaussian. In this paper, we analyze matched filter-based iterative soft decision interference cancellation (MF ISDIC) when utilizing an approximation of the actual probability density function (pdf) of residual interference. In addition, a hybrid scheme is proposed, which reduces computational complexity by considering the strongest residual interferers according to their pdf while the Gaussian assumption is applied to the weak residual interferers. It turns out that the bit error ratio decreases already noticeably when only a small number of residual interferers is regarded according to their pdf. For the considered DSCDMA transmission the bit error ratio decreases by 80% for high signal-to-noise ratios when modeling all residual interferers but the strongest three to be Gaussian distributed.

/pdf/iterative-soft-decision-interference-cancellation-for-ds-2gjlp9u0y3.pdf

Iterative soft decision interference cancellation for DS-CDMA employing the distribution of interference

In this paper a numerical method is presented, which finds a lower bound for the mutual information between a binary and an arbitrary finite random variable with joint distributions that have a variational distance not greater than a known value to a known joint distribution. This lower bound can be applied to mutual information estimation with confidence intervals.

A Tight Lower Bound on the Mutual Information of a Binary and an Arbitrary Finite Random Variable in Dependence of the Variational Distance

Die
Erfindung beruht auf dem Gedanken, ein Verfahren zur hochauflosenden,
wellenformerhaltenden Digitalisierung analoger Signale vorzusehen, wobei
die ubliche
skalare logarithmische Quantisierung auf mehrdimensionale Kugelkoordinaten ubertragen
wird und sich somit die hieraus resultierenden Vorteile wie z. B.
ein konstanter Storabstand uber einen
extrem hohen Dynamikbereich bei einem sehr geringen Verlust in Bezug
auf die Rate-Distortion-Theorie ergeben. Um die im Quellensignal vorhandenen
statischen Abhangigkeiten
fur einen
weiteren Storabstandsgewinn
ausnutzen zu konnen,
wird die Differentielle Pulscodemodulation (DPCM) mit spharisch logarithmischer
Quantisierung kombiniert. Das resultierende Verfahren erzielt eine
wirksame Datenreduktion mit einem hohen Langzeit- sowie Kurzzeitstorabstand
bei extrem geringer Signalverzogerung.

Verfahren und vorrichtung zur digitalisierung sowie zur datenkomprimierung analoger signale

In classic trellis-coded modulation (TCM) signal constellations of twice the cardinality are applied when compared to an uncoded transmission enabling transmission of one bit of redundancy per PAM-symbol, i.e., rates of K when 2K+1 denotes the cardinality of the signal constellation. In order to support different rates, multi-dimensional (i.e., D-dimensional) constellations had been proposed by means of combining subsequent one- or two-dimensional modulation steps, resulting in TCM-schemes with D 1 bit redundancy per real dimension. In contrast we propose in this paper to perform rate adjustment for TCM by means of puncturing the convolutional code (CC) on which a TCM-scheme is based on. Even though TCM is a topic that has received a lot of attention over the years, the problem of optimal and complexity efficient decoding of a punctured convolutional encoder in TCM was not yet solved without some drawbacks. Here we overcome this problems by usage of a time-variant trellis following the nontrivial mapping of the output symbols of the CC to signal points. For this, some modifications of the Viterbi-decoder are presented and good generator polynomials for the CC as well as corresponding puncturing schemes are given. The proposed approach offers several decisive advantages over multidimensional TCM w.r.t. flexibility and complexity.

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/7008634/7021039/07021132.pdf

Modified Viterbi algorithm for efficient optimal decoding of pragmatic-punctured trellis-coded modulation

This paper provides an overview of near Shannon-limit operating codes when transmitted over the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel with erasures. We compare the performance of standardized low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes and parallel-concatenated (turbo) codes to two progressive edge growth (PEG) optimized codes and a new design. The assumed channel, an AWGN channel with erasures, plays an important role in the field of satellite communications. The standardized codes we chose for our comparison purposes are the DVB-S2 LDPC code and a previously designed turbo code of 3GPP2. Furthermore, we use the PEG algorithm, which is improved by a novel method, to design better LDPC codes for this channel.

Johannes B. Huber

Papers

Iterative soft decision interference cancellation for DS-CDMA employing the distribution of interference

A Tight Lower Bound on the Mutual Information of a Binary and an Arbitrary Finite Random Variable in Dependence of the Variational Distance

Verfahren und vorrichtung zur digitalisierung sowie zur datenkomprimierung analoger signale

Modified Viterbi algorithm for efficient optimal decoding of pragmatic-punctured trellis-coded modulation

Comparison of High-Performance Codes on AWGN Channel with Erasures